Background: only 65% of level 1 sports athletes manage to return to their pre-injury performance level after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, and 25% will suffer a new injury. These concerning data may be linked to a misalignment between rehabilitation protocols and the actual demands athletes face upon returning to the field. Recent studies identify the neurocognitive component as a possible missing element in current protocols – one that is fundamentally important for managing the dynamic and unpredictable situations ineherent in situational sports. Aim of the study: to understand, through retrospective analysis, whether the dual task cost (DTC) is a relevant factor in recovering the functional level and returning to sport activity for level 1 sports athletes, and to highlight any significant differences regarding this parameter between healthy athletes and those who have undergone ACL reconstruction surgery. Materials: after an initial phase of bibliographic research, level 1 sports athletes - both healthy and with ACL reconstruction at least 9 months prior - were recruited. The same evaluation protocol was administered to both groups, including a brief interview, the execution of some functional tests, both in their standard version and with the addition of a cognitive task, and finally the administration of two PROMs. The primary outcome of the study is the dual task cost, given by the difference in performance between the functional and cognitive-motor tests. This outcome was then combined with the data collected during the interview and in the questionnaires. Results: Of the 103 people contacted, 28 underwent assessment. During the analysis, the results of 22 participants were considered valid, with 14 belonging to the ACLr group and 8 belonging to the comparison group. The first group showed a significantly higher DTC than the comparison group. Moreover, an even more pronounced gap was observed between the 'RTP yes' and 'RTP no' subgroups within the ACLr group. Discussion and conclusions: the results seem to support the hypothesis that the dual task cost is a relevant factor in recovering the functional level in this category of athletes. The neurocognitive component could be the key to increasing RTP rates, and its integration into current rehabilitation protocols could provied a more comprehensive, multidimensional approach, supporting athletes in all aspect of their performance.
Background: solamente il 65% degli atleti di sport di 1 livello riesce nell’intento di tornare a praticare l’attività al livello pre-lesionale dopo intervento di ricostruzione del legamento crociato anteriore (LCA) e il 25% andrà incontro ad un nuovo infortunio. Questi dati preoccupanti potrebbero essere legati ad una disallineamento tra i contenuti della riabilitazione e le effettive richieste che l’atleta deve affrontare al ritorno in campo. Recenti studi identificano come possibile tassello mancante degli attuali protocolli la componente neurocognitiva, componente che risulta di fondamentale importanza nella gestione delle situazioni dinamiche e imprevedibili degli sport di situazione. Obiettivo: comprendere, in ottica retrospettiva, se il costo neurocognitivo (DTC) rappresenti un fattore rilevante nel recupero del livello funzionale e nel ritorno all’attività sportiva per atleti di sport di livello 1 ed evidenziare eventuali differenze significative in merito a questo parametro tra atleti sani e quelli sottoposti a intervento di ricostruzione LCA. Materiali e metodi: dopo una prima fase di ricerca bibliografica sono stati reclutati atleti di sport di livello 1, sani e con ricostruzione di LCA effettuata da almeno 9 mesi. A entrambi i gruppi è stato somministrato il medesimo protocollo di valutazione, che includeva una breve intervista, l’esecuzione di alcuni test funzionali nella loro versione standard e con l’aggiunta di un compito cognitivo ed infine la somministrazione di due PROMs. L’outcome primario dello studio è il costo neurocognitivo, dato dalla differenza di performance funzionale tra i test funzionali e quelli cognitivo-motori. Questo outcome è stato successivamente affiancato ai dati raccolti durante l’intervista e nei questionari. Risultati: delle 103 persone contattate, 28 sono state sottoposte a valutazione; in fase di analisi, sono stati ritenuti validi i risultati di 22 partecipanti, di cui 14 appartenenti al gruppo rLCA e 8 appartenenti al gruppo di comparazione. Il primo gruppo ha registrato un DTC medio significativamente più elevato rispetto al gruppo di comparazione; inoltre divario ancora più evidente si ha tra i sottogruppi ‘RTP sì’ e ‘RTP no’ del gruppo rLCA. Discussione e conclusioni: i risultati sembrano avvalorare l’ipotesi che il costo neurocognitivo sia un fattore rilevante per il recupero del livello funzionale in questa categoria di atleti. La componente neurocognitiva potrebbe essere la chiave per aumentare le percentuali di RTP e la sua integrazione negli attuali protocolli riabilitativi permetterebbe di offrire una percorso completo e multidimensionale, capace di supportare gli atleti in ogni versante della loro prestazione sportiva.
Costo neurocognitivo e recupero funzionale in atleti di primo livello dopo ricostruzione del legamento crociato anteriore: uno studio osservazionale controllato
SARAN, LORENZO
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: only 65% of level 1 sports athletes manage to return to their pre-injury performance level after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, and 25% will suffer a new injury. These concerning data may be linked to a misalignment between rehabilitation protocols and the actual demands athletes face upon returning to the field. Recent studies identify the neurocognitive component as a possible missing element in current protocols – one that is fundamentally important for managing the dynamic and unpredictable situations ineherent in situational sports. Aim of the study: to understand, through retrospective analysis, whether the dual task cost (DTC) is a relevant factor in recovering the functional level and returning to sport activity for level 1 sports athletes, and to highlight any significant differences regarding this parameter between healthy athletes and those who have undergone ACL reconstruction surgery. Materials: after an initial phase of bibliographic research, level 1 sports athletes - both healthy and with ACL reconstruction at least 9 months prior - were recruited. The same evaluation protocol was administered to both groups, including a brief interview, the execution of some functional tests, both in their standard version and with the addition of a cognitive task, and finally the administration of two PROMs. The primary outcome of the study is the dual task cost, given by the difference in performance between the functional and cognitive-motor tests. This outcome was then combined with the data collected during the interview and in the questionnaires. Results: Of the 103 people contacted, 28 underwent assessment. During the analysis, the results of 22 participants were considered valid, with 14 belonging to the ACLr group and 8 belonging to the comparison group. The first group showed a significantly higher DTC than the comparison group. Moreover, an even more pronounced gap was observed between the 'RTP yes' and 'RTP no' subgroups within the ACLr group. Discussion and conclusions: the results seem to support the hypothesis that the dual task cost is a relevant factor in recovering the functional level in this category of athletes. The neurocognitive component could be the key to increasing RTP rates, and its integration into current rehabilitation protocols could provied a more comprehensive, multidimensional approach, supporting athletes in all aspect of their performance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77160