Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue, either epithelium and/or endometrium-like stroma, located outside the uterine cavity. This pathology has a complex and not yet fully understood etiology, which affects between 2 and 10% of the female population in the world. Endometriosis brings with it a series of signs and symptoms, which the main is pain. Pain can present itself in the form of constant non-cyclic CPP (chronic pelvic pain), dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dysuria, dyspareunia, vaginismus and vulvodynia. These symptoms significantly affect patient’s quality of life. There are indications for surgery to contain the painful symptoms, although the literature has shown that pain is a symptom that persists even after surgery, and very often occurs with further surgical interventions. Very often patients with endometriosis are not aware of the possibility of a conservative physiotherapeutic intervention, at the same time even for the uro-gynecological professionals is not that clear how to take charge and treat those patients, as there are not literature guidelines for the professional figure of the physiotherapist. Aims: the aim of this thesis paper is to define the role of the physiotherapist in the management of patients with endometriosis and evaluate the efficacy of containing associated pathologies through physiotherapeutic intervention. Materials and Methods: a narrative review of the literature was conducted. Two databases were consulted for the search: Pubmed and PEDro, and the Proxy service provided by the University of Padua was used to access the full text reading of the articles. Primary and secondary studies published in English in the last ten years were considered. Nine articles were included, which highlighted which physiotherapy treatments are most effective for the rehabilitation of patients with endometriosis and associated pathologies. Results: all analyzed studies show more or less relevant improvements of the considered outcomes, although the intrinsic limits of the forementioned studies do not allow final conclusions. Further studies using a long-term follow-up and a larger population are required. Conclusions: while waiting for furthermore extensive studies confirming the hypothesis of a presumed effectiveness, pelvic rehabilitation in patients with endometriosis and associated pathologies seems to be able to significantly contribute in a multidisciplinary intervention. Physiotherapists have the task of evaluating, educate and rehabilitate, developing treatment programs tailored to each patient's specific physical needs and abilities. Future research should also investigate exercises protocols and establish the most effective treatment techniques.
Background: l’endometriosi è una patologia infiammatoria cronica, definita come la presenza di tessuto endometriale ectopico, sia epitelio e/o stroma simile all’endometrio, situato all’esterno della cavità uterina. Questa patologia presenta un’eziologia complessa e ancora non del tutto nota, la quale colpisce tra il 2 e il 10% della popolazione femminile nel mondo. L’endometriosi porta con sé una serie di segni e sintomi, il cui protagonista è il dolore, il quale può presentarsi sotto forma di CPP (cronic pelvic pain) non ciclico costante, dismenorrea, dischezia, disuria, dispareunia, vaginismo e vulvodinia. Per tutti questi aspetti la qualità della vita delle pazienti è fortemente compromessa. Vi è indicazione chirurgica per contenere la sintomatologia dolorosa, anche se dalla letteratura è emerso che il dolore è un sintomo che persiste anche post-intervento, e molto spesso si verifica recidiva con la necessità di più interventi chirurgici. Molto spesso le pazienti con endometriosi non sono a conoscenza della possibilità di un intervento conservativo fisioterapico, allo stesso tempo anche per i professionisti uro – ginecologici non è chiaro come avvenga la presa in carico e il trattamento di queste pazienti, in quanto non sono presenti in letteratura linee guida per la figura professionale del fisioterapista. Obiettivi: lo scopo di questo elaborato di tesi è quello di definire il ruolo del fisioterapista nel trattamento delle pazienti con endometriosi e valutare l’efficacia del contenimento delle patologie associate tramite la fisioterapia. Materiali e Metodi: è stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura. Per la ricerca sono state consultate due banche dati: Pubmed e PEDro, e per accedere alla lettura del full text degli articoli è stato utilizzato il servizio Proxy fornito dall’Università degli Studi di Padova. Sono stati presi in considerazione studi primari e secondari pubblicati in lingua inglese negli ultimi dieci anni. Sono stati selezionati nove articoli, i quali hanno evidenziato quali sono i trattamenti fisioterapici più efficaci per la riabilitazione delle pazienti con endometriosi e patologie associate. Risultati: tutti gli studi analizzati mostrano miglioramenti più o meno marcati negli outcome considerati, sebbene i limiti intrinseci di suddetti studi impongano prudenza nel formulare conclusioni certe. Sono necessari ulteriori studi che utilizzino un periodo di follow-up a lungo termine e una popolazione di soggetti più ampio. Conclusioni: in attesa di ricerche più approfondite che avvalorino definitivamente la supposta ipotesi di efficacia, la riabilitazione pelvica in pazienti con endometriosi e patologie associate sembra poter dare un contributo significativo inserito in un programma di intervento multidisciplinare. Il fisioterapista ha il compito di valutare, educare e riabilitare, elaborando programmi di trattamento personalizzati sulle specifiche esigenze e capacità fisiche di ciascuna paziente. La ricerca futura dovrà approfondire protocolli di esercizio e stabilire le tecniche di trattamento più efficaci.
Endometriosi e fisioterapia: efficacia dell’intervento fisioterapico nella riduzione della sintomatologia dolorosa e nel contenimento delle patologie associate. Una revisione narrativa della letteratura.
GASPARINI, CATERINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue, either epithelium and/or endometrium-like stroma, located outside the uterine cavity. This pathology has a complex and not yet fully understood etiology, which affects between 2 and 10% of the female population in the world. Endometriosis brings with it a series of signs and symptoms, which the main is pain. Pain can present itself in the form of constant non-cyclic CPP (chronic pelvic pain), dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dysuria, dyspareunia, vaginismus and vulvodynia. These symptoms significantly affect patient’s quality of life. There are indications for surgery to contain the painful symptoms, although the literature has shown that pain is a symptom that persists even after surgery, and very often occurs with further surgical interventions. Very often patients with endometriosis are not aware of the possibility of a conservative physiotherapeutic intervention, at the same time even for the uro-gynecological professionals is not that clear how to take charge and treat those patients, as there are not literature guidelines for the professional figure of the physiotherapist. Aims: the aim of this thesis paper is to define the role of the physiotherapist in the management of patients with endometriosis and evaluate the efficacy of containing associated pathologies through physiotherapeutic intervention. Materials and Methods: a narrative review of the literature was conducted. Two databases were consulted for the search: Pubmed and PEDro, and the Proxy service provided by the University of Padua was used to access the full text reading of the articles. Primary and secondary studies published in English in the last ten years were considered. Nine articles were included, which highlighted which physiotherapy treatments are most effective for the rehabilitation of patients with endometriosis and associated pathologies. Results: all analyzed studies show more or less relevant improvements of the considered outcomes, although the intrinsic limits of the forementioned studies do not allow final conclusions. Further studies using a long-term follow-up and a larger population are required. Conclusions: while waiting for furthermore extensive studies confirming the hypothesis of a presumed effectiveness, pelvic rehabilitation in patients with endometriosis and associated pathologies seems to be able to significantly contribute in a multidisciplinary intervention. Physiotherapists have the task of evaluating, educate and rehabilitate, developing treatment programs tailored to each patient's specific physical needs and abilities. Future research should also investigate exercises protocols and establish the most effective treatment techniques.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77288