In recent decades, the dairy livestock sector has experienced significant progress in productionbut is still faced with countless challenges, such as the need to improve animal welfare, reduce greenhouse gas emissions for proper ecological sustainability and preserving consumer well-being. Traditional agricultural practices have always supported global food needs but now with the increase in population, the demand for products of animal origin has increased and farms have had to increase the number of animals raised to keep up with the evolution of new production techniques. In the context of greater environmental concern and intensification of production performance on farms, the workforce of breeders alone is no longer adequate for proper business management and precision livestock farming (PLF) has therefore become necessary. PLF is defined as the application of innovative technological development principles and techniques aimed at improving livestock farming processes by optimizing many sectors such as the correct management of animal nutrition, monitoring of metabolic, physiological and behavioral parameters of animals and quantification of daily production of the entire herd. In this context PLF might represent an useful tool to monitor the health status of the animal during their productive career, especially during the transition period, which is defined as the period ranging from three weeks before and three weeks after calving. During this phase cows experience intense metabolic and production-related stresses, often leading to health issues that compromise both well-being and productivity.. Precision livestock farming therefore allows monitoring the health of the cow by analyzing its productive parameters (quantity and characteristics of milk produced for each individual animal), physiological (BCS Body Condition Score) and environmental (THI, temperature, humidity) recognizing the alarm signals of subclinical pathologies that cannot be observed by the operator. New technologies therefore offer a livestock operator the possibility of remaining constantly updated on the performance of his herd, safeguarding the health and well-being of each individual animal and also increasing the early recognition of metabolic and productive imbalances.
Negli ultimi decenni il settore della zootecnia da latte ha sperimentato una forte spinta al progresso dal punto di vista produttivo e si trova tutt’ oggi a dover affrontare innumerevoli sfide come il rispetto del benessere animale in allevamento, la riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra e la tutela della salute del consumatore . Le pratiche agricole tradizionali hanno da sempre sostenuto le necessità alimentari globali ma con l’aumento demografico si è incrementata la richiesta di prodotti di origine animale e gli allevamenti hanno dovuto aumentare gli animali allevati per rimanere al passo con l’evoluzione di nuove tecniche di produzione. In un contesto caratterizzato da un crescente interesse verso l’incremento delle performance produttive, ma allo stesso tempo da una maggiore attenzione nei confronti dell’impatto ambientale, risulta fondamentale trovare strategie innovative per una più efficiente gestione ambientale. In tale ambito, la Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), o altresì chiamata zootecnia di precisione, è definita come l’ applicazione di principi e tecniche di sviluppo tecnologico innovative atte a migliorare i processi dell’ allevamento zootecnico ottimizzandone molti settori quali la corretta gestione dell’ alimentazione animale, il monitoraggio dei parametri metabolici, fisiologici e comportamentali degli animali e la quantificazione delle produzioni giornaliere dell’ intera mandria. Un aspetto critico in cui la PLF potrebbe essere particolarmente utile è il monitoraggio delle patologie metaboliche degli animali, durante la loro carriera produttiva, ed in particolare durante il periodo di transizione. Esso è definito come il periodo di tempo che intercorre trale tre settimane antecedenti e successive il parto.. Durante tale periodo si manifestano innumerevoli stress metabolici e produttivi ed è frequente l’insorgenza di patologie che alterano la salute e la produzione delle bovine. La precision livestock farming quindi permette il monitoraggio della salute della bovina analizzandone i parametri produttivi (quantità e caratteristiche del latte prodotto per ogni singolo animale), fisiologici (BCS Body Condiction Score) e ambientali (THI, temperatura, umidità) riconoscendo i segnali d’ allarme delle patologie subcliniche non osservabili dall’ operatore. Le nuove tecnologie offrono quindi ad un operatore zootecnico la possibilità di rimanere costantemente aggiornato sulle performance della propria mandria salvaguardando la salute e il benessere di ogni singolo animale incrementando anche il riconoscimento precoce di squilibri metabolici e produttivi.
Il ruolo della zootecnia di precisione nell’identificazione precoce delle patologie metaboliche nella bovina da latte durante il periodo di transizione
FAGGIONATO, LINDA
2023/2024
Abstract
In recent decades, the dairy livestock sector has experienced significant progress in productionbut is still faced with countless challenges, such as the need to improve animal welfare, reduce greenhouse gas emissions for proper ecological sustainability and preserving consumer well-being. Traditional agricultural practices have always supported global food needs but now with the increase in population, the demand for products of animal origin has increased and farms have had to increase the number of animals raised to keep up with the evolution of new production techniques. In the context of greater environmental concern and intensification of production performance on farms, the workforce of breeders alone is no longer adequate for proper business management and precision livestock farming (PLF) has therefore become necessary. PLF is defined as the application of innovative technological development principles and techniques aimed at improving livestock farming processes by optimizing many sectors such as the correct management of animal nutrition, monitoring of metabolic, physiological and behavioral parameters of animals and quantification of daily production of the entire herd. In this context PLF might represent an useful tool to monitor the health status of the animal during their productive career, especially during the transition period, which is defined as the period ranging from three weeks before and three weeks after calving. During this phase cows experience intense metabolic and production-related stresses, often leading to health issues that compromise both well-being and productivity.. Precision livestock farming therefore allows monitoring the health of the cow by analyzing its productive parameters (quantity and characteristics of milk produced for each individual animal), physiological (BCS Body Condition Score) and environmental (THI, temperature, humidity) recognizing the alarm signals of subclinical pathologies that cannot be observed by the operator. New technologies therefore offer a livestock operator the possibility of remaining constantly updated on the performance of his herd, safeguarding the health and well-being of each individual animal and also increasing the early recognition of metabolic and productive imbalances.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77978