In 2021, the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), within the document Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Recommendation and Practical Guidance, defined per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as “[…] fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms attached to it), meaning, with some known exceptions, that any chemical with at least one perfluoromethyl group (–CF3) or perfluoromethylene group (–CF2–) is classified as a PFAS.” Among these substances, the international scientific community has paid particular attention to PFOA and PFOS due to the environmental and health consequences they cause once released into the environment. This thesis aims to assess the level of PFAS contamination in surface and groundwater in the region, with a specific focus on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The analysis focuses on data collected by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection and Prevention of Veneto (ARPAV) over a six-year period (2017–2023), sampled from various types of water, and compares the detected concentrations of PFOA and PFOS with the environmental quality standards (EQS) and threshold values established by Italian regulations. The evaluation results reveal varying levels of PFAS contamination in Veneto, with concerning concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in several municipalities and territorial areas. The usefulness of this work lies in providing a detailed and up-to-date overview of the contamination, supporting environmental monitoring activities and compliance with legal limits, while also offering an organized systematization of the data for the benefit of (i) those tasked with addressing the issue and (ii) the local population, which requires technical and informational support on how the situation is evolving. The analysis thus serves as a practical tool for the competent authorities, contributing to risk management based on a science-based approach, i.e., on circumstantial data regarding the presence of these contaminants. The ultimate goal is also to provide support for project initiatives aimed at resolving the issue and promoting the protection of public health and the environment.
Nel 2021 l’OECD (Organizzazione per la Cooperazione e lo Sviluppo Economico) all’interno del documento Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Reccomendation and Pratical Guidance ha definito le sostanze per- e polifluoroalchiliche come “[…] sostanze fluorurate contenenti almeno un atomo di carbonio di metile o metilene completamente fluorurato (senza alcun atomo di H/Cl/Br/I legato ad esso), vale a dire, con alcune eccezioni note, che qualsiasi sostanza chimica con almeno un gruppo metilico perfluorurato (–CF3) o un gruppo metilenico perfluorurato (–CF2–) viene classificata come PFAS”. Di queste sostanze, la comunità scientifica a livello internazionale ha analizzato con particolare attenzione il PFOA e il PFOS per le conseguenze ambientali e sanitarie che le stesse causano una volta rilasciate nell’ambiente. Questa tesi ha quindi l’obiettivo di valutare il grado di contaminazione da PFAS nelle acque superficiali e sotterranee della regione, con un’attenzione specifica al perfluoroottanoico (PFOA) e al perfluorottansolfonico (PFOS). L’analisi si focalizza sui dati raccolti dall’Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto (ARPAV) in un arco temporale di sei anni (2017-2023), prelevati nelle diverse tipologie di acque, e confronta le concentrazioni rilevate di PFOA e PFOS con gli standard di qualità ambientali (SQA) e i valori soglia stabiliti dalla normativa italiana. I risultati della valutazione mostrano livelli variabili di contaminazione da PFAS nel Veneto, con concentrazioni preoccupanti di PFOA e PFOS in diversi comuni e aree territoriali. L’utilità di questo lavoro risiede nel fornire un quadro dettagliato e aggiornato della contaminazione, a sostegno delle attività di monitoraggio ambientale e del rispetto dei limiti di legge, ma anche di offrire una sistematizzazione organizzata dei dati a favore (i) di chi è chiamato ad intervenire per la soluzione del problema e (ii) della popolazione locale che necessita di un supporto tecnico e informativo su come sta evolvendo la situazione. L’analisi, quindi, rappresenta uno strumento concreto per le autorità competenti, contribuendo a favorire una gestione dei rischi sulla base di un approccio science-based ovvero sulla base di dati circostanziati legati alla presenza di questi contaminanti. L’obiettivo ultimo è quindi di dare anche supporto per iniziate progettuali che intendano dare una soluzione alla problematica e intese a promuovere la tutela della salute pubblica e dell’ambiente.
CONTAMINAZIONE DA SOSTANZE PERFLUOROALCHILICHE NELLE ACQUE DEL VENETO. Concentrazioni di PFOA e PFOS nelle acque sotterranee e superficiali e limiti normativi.
BERLUTI, MARTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
In 2021, the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), within the document Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Recommendation and Practical Guidance, defined per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as “[…] fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms attached to it), meaning, with some known exceptions, that any chemical with at least one perfluoromethyl group (–CF3) or perfluoromethylene group (–CF2–) is classified as a PFAS.” Among these substances, the international scientific community has paid particular attention to PFOA and PFOS due to the environmental and health consequences they cause once released into the environment. This thesis aims to assess the level of PFAS contamination in surface and groundwater in the region, with a specific focus on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The analysis focuses on data collected by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection and Prevention of Veneto (ARPAV) over a six-year period (2017–2023), sampled from various types of water, and compares the detected concentrations of PFOA and PFOS with the environmental quality standards (EQS) and threshold values established by Italian regulations. The evaluation results reveal varying levels of PFAS contamination in Veneto, with concerning concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in several municipalities and territorial areas. The usefulness of this work lies in providing a detailed and up-to-date overview of the contamination, supporting environmental monitoring activities and compliance with legal limits, while also offering an organized systematization of the data for the benefit of (i) those tasked with addressing the issue and (ii) the local population, which requires technical and informational support on how the situation is evolving. The analysis thus serves as a practical tool for the competent authorities, contributing to risk management based on a science-based approach, i.e., on circumstantial data regarding the presence of these contaminants. The ultimate goal is also to provide support for project initiatives aimed at resolving the issue and promoting the protection of public health and the environment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78299