Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with multifactorial etiology, early onset, pervasive characteristics, and increasing incidence. Implicit associative learning is the ability to extract regularities from the environment without awareness and to use them to make predictions that are continuously updated in response to changes. Previous studies have shown that adults with ASD tend to overestimate uncertainty, while children with ADHD exhibit low sensitivity to environmental changes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the presence of differences in implicit associative learning abilities between children with ASD and those with ADHD. To this end, the Mario Task was employed, which is an adaptation of the Probabilistic Associative Learning Task by Lawson and colleagues from 2017, featuring cues and targets associated with dynamic predictability levels. The results did not show significant differences in task performance between the two clinical groups. Future research could include a comparison with a control group to further investigate the causes of this outcome.
I disturbi dello spettro dell’autismo (ASD) e il disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività (ADHD) sono disturbi del neurosviluppo a eziologia multifattoriale, esordio precoce, pervasivi e con incidenza in aumento. L’apprendimento associativo implicito è la capacità di estrarre, in assenza di consapevolezza, regolarità nell’ambiente e di sfruttarle per produrre previsioni che aggiorniamo di continuo in risposta ai cambiamenti. Studi precedenti hanno dimostrato che gli adulti con ASD tendono a sovrastimare l’incertezza, mentre i bambini con ADHD mostrano una scarsa sensibilità ai cambiamenti ambientali. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca era di valutare la presenza di differenze nell’abilità di apprendimento associativo implicito tra bambini con ASD e con ADHD. A tal fine è stato impiegato il Mario Task, un adattamento del Probabilistic Associative Learning Task di Lawson e colleghi del 2017, che presenta cue e target associati con livelli di predittività dinamici. I risultati non hanno mostrato differenze significative nell’andamento al compito tra i due gruppi clinici. Ricerche future potrebbero includere il confronto con un gruppo di controllo per approfondire le cause di tale risultato.
Apprendimento associativo implicito in ambienti volatili nello sviluppo atipico
MORUCCI, SILVIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with multifactorial etiology, early onset, pervasive characteristics, and increasing incidence. Implicit associative learning is the ability to extract regularities from the environment without awareness and to use them to make predictions that are continuously updated in response to changes. Previous studies have shown that adults with ASD tend to overestimate uncertainty, while children with ADHD exhibit low sensitivity to environmental changes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the presence of differences in implicit associative learning abilities between children with ASD and those with ADHD. To this end, the Mario Task was employed, which is an adaptation of the Probabilistic Associative Learning Task by Lawson and colleagues from 2017, featuring cues and targets associated with dynamic predictability levels. The results did not show significant differences in task performance between the two clinical groups. Future research could include a comparison with a control group to further investigate the causes of this outcome.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78560