Debris flows are very dangerous phenomena given by a rapid flow of water, mud, and debris that, due to its power and speed, can cause severe damage to infrastructure and pose a threat to human life extremely dangerous natural phenomena. They occur in mountainous areas, where the combination of steep slopes, plenty of loose material, and abundant runoff following adverse weather conditions create the ideal environment for their formation. In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the frequency and intensity of debris flows, likely linked to climate change, which intensifies extreme weather events that provide abundant runoff as wells as the thaving of permafrost and rock failure phenomena. This trend makes the construction of mitigation structures essential to reduce the risk associated with these events. Among these structures, sectional or breaker dams represent an important structural measure, capable of reducing the peak solid-liquid discharge, thereby reducing its destructive impact. The study area of this thesis is Rovina di Cancìa (BL), a location with geomorphological conditions particularly favorable for the initiation of debris flows. This area is characterized by steep slopes, an abundance of loose material, and the presence of rocky basins, which are key elements for debris flow formation. To mitigate the risk in this area, a sectional dam is planned to be constructed between the existing deposition area and another sectional dam located further downstream. The primary goal of the dam being designed is to reduce the solid-liquid peak discharge and divert the flow to the left, because the right bank of the channel downstream of it is subject to erosion. For this reason, four different configurations of the dam have been designed, each with two variants that consider the same height of the breakers or a decreasing height toward the left side. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures has been carried out by the analysis of the results of hydraulic modelling. The DFRM model by Gregoretti et al. (2019) was used, that allows the modeling of debris flow in the presence of works. The analyses were conducted in the section downstream of the designed dam, with particular attention given to erosion phenomena, flow depth, and flow velocity. A key aspect of this research was also the study of dam clogging to better understand how this may affect their effectiveness in controlling debris flows.
Le colate detritiche sono fenomeni naturali estremamente pericolosi che consistono in un flusso rapido di acqua, fango, e detriti che, per la sua potenza e velocità, può causare gravi danni alle infrastrutture e mettere a rischio la vita umana. Le colate si verificano in aree montuose, dove la combinazione di pendenze elevate, abbondanza di materiale detritico ed abbondati deflussi superficiali dovuti a condizioni meteorologiche estreme crea l’ambiente ideale per la loro formazione. Negli ultimi anni, si è osservato un aumento nella frequenza e intensità delle colate detritiche, probabilmente legato a cambiamenti climatici che intensificano le precipitazioni estreme necessarie per avere abbondanti deflussi superficiali, lo scioglimento del permafrost ed i crolli parete che rendono disponibili elevate quantità di materiale detritico mobilitabile. Questa tendenza rende indispensabile la costruzione di opere di mitigazione volte a ridurre il rischio associato a tali eventi. Tra queste opere, le briglie frangi-colata rappresentano un'importante misura strutturale, capace di ridurre la portata solido-liquida, riducendo così il loro impatto distruttivo. L'area di studio della presente tesi è Rovina di Cancìa (BL), una località che presenta condizioni geomorfologiche particolarmente favorevoli all'innesco di colate detritiche. Questa zona è caratterizzata da elevate pendenze, abbondanza di materiale detritico e la presenza di bacini rocciosi con risposta idrologica rapida, che rappresentano elementi chiave per la formazione di colate. Per mitigare il rischio in questa area, è prevista la costruzione di una briglia frangi-colata tra la piazza di deposito già esistente e un'altra briglia frangi-colata posta più a valle. L'obiettivo principale della briglia in fase di progettazione è quello di frangere la colata ed allontanare il deflusso dalla sponda destra del tratto di canale a valle che è soggetta a fenomeni di erosione. Per questo motivo, sono state ideate quattro configurazioni della briglia con caratteristiche diverse, ognuna delle quali ha due varianti, con speroni di stessa altezza o decrescente verso la sinistra idrografica. La valutazione dell’efficacia delle opere di mitigazione proposte, è stata eseguita mediante l’analisi dei risultati della modellazione idraulica, mediante il modello DFRM di Gregoretti et al 2019, che permette di modellare il comportamento delle colate in presenza di opere di difesa. Le analisi sono state condotte nel tratto a valle della briglia progettata, con particolare attenzione ai fenomeni di erosione, alla profondità del flusso e alla velocità della colata. Un aspetto rilevante di questa ricerca è stato inoltre lo studio dell'intasamento delle briglie, per comprendere meglio come questo possa influire sulla loro efficacia nel controllo delle colate.
Valutazione dell'efficacia di una briglia frangicolata a Rovina di Cancia (BL)
MAZZUCATO, GIACOMO
2023/2024
Abstract
Debris flows are very dangerous phenomena given by a rapid flow of water, mud, and debris that, due to its power and speed, can cause severe damage to infrastructure and pose a threat to human life extremely dangerous natural phenomena. They occur in mountainous areas, where the combination of steep slopes, plenty of loose material, and abundant runoff following adverse weather conditions create the ideal environment for their formation. In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the frequency and intensity of debris flows, likely linked to climate change, which intensifies extreme weather events that provide abundant runoff as wells as the thaving of permafrost and rock failure phenomena. This trend makes the construction of mitigation structures essential to reduce the risk associated with these events. Among these structures, sectional or breaker dams represent an important structural measure, capable of reducing the peak solid-liquid discharge, thereby reducing its destructive impact. The study area of this thesis is Rovina di Cancìa (BL), a location with geomorphological conditions particularly favorable for the initiation of debris flows. This area is characterized by steep slopes, an abundance of loose material, and the presence of rocky basins, which are key elements for debris flow formation. To mitigate the risk in this area, a sectional dam is planned to be constructed between the existing deposition area and another sectional dam located further downstream. The primary goal of the dam being designed is to reduce the solid-liquid peak discharge and divert the flow to the left, because the right bank of the channel downstream of it is subject to erosion. For this reason, four different configurations of the dam have been designed, each with two variants that consider the same height of the breakers or a decreasing height toward the left side. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures has been carried out by the analysis of the results of hydraulic modelling. The DFRM model by Gregoretti et al. (2019) was used, that allows the modeling of debris flow in the presence of works. The analyses were conducted in the section downstream of the designed dam, with particular attention given to erosion phenomena, flow depth, and flow velocity. A key aspect of this research was also the study of dam clogging to better understand how this may affect their effectiveness in controlling debris flows.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80361