The global mushrooms market is growing with a Compounded Average Growth Rate of 8,26% over the past 20 years. This growth can be attributed to several factors: firstly, mushrooms have low pedoclimatic requirements and they adapt easily to the environment; also, they can develop in waste substrates, which allow them to be cultivated in different areas. Furthermore, they are a cheap food with a rich nutritional content, high in essential amino acids, antioxidants and vitamins. Nowdays there are a lot of problems as the climate change, the environmental impact of some farming techniques, food insecurity and nutritional deficiencies, economic crisis; and mushrooms can offer an increasingly viable and satisfactory food alternative from multiple perspectives. LED lighting treatments are typically used in post-harvest processes for agricultural products to preserve nutritional substances and improve foods shelf life; however, recent studies have shown how if these light treatments are applied during pre-harvest, they can positively impact the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the product. In this study, two different LED lighting treatments (at 450 nm and 610 nm) were applied in pre-harvest to two different varieties of mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus. This one with other species, makes the Pleurotus the second most variety cultivated worldwide, by 25% of global production. The cultivated varieties were P80 and Spoppo that is a variant of P80 that do not produce spores. The study wanted the comparison because Spoppo offers an advantage to farmers, as they are not exposed to spores, which often cause respiratory issues. We aimed to determine if there were significant differences between these closely varieties that make us prefer Spoppo to P80. The morphoponderal parameters detect by different lighting treatments were: primordia emergence, normalized yield, total number of families per bag, number of fruiting bodies per family, and the diameter and thickness of fruiting bodies. Qualitative parameters were measured included: colour, electrical conductivity, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, texture, antioxidants and total polyphenols content, ergosterol and vitamin D. Results revealed significant differences across multiple factors between the two varieties and their respective production cycles and the future perspectives is that LED lighting techniques will be more use during the pre-harvest. Despite that the results are still few and other studies are needed.
Il mercato mondiale dei funghi è in crescita e negli ultimi 20 anni il tasso annuo di crescita composto è stato dell’8,26%. Ciò avviene per diverse motivazioni: in primo luogo i funghi non hanno elevate esigenze pedoclimatiche e tendono ad adattarsi facilmente all’ambiente circostante riuscendo a svilupparsi anche in substrati di scarto; perciò, sono coltivati in diverse aree; inoltre sono un alimento economico e hanno un contenuto nutrizionale molto ricco soprattutto di aminoacidi essenziali, antiossidanti e vitamine. Considerando, perciò, i sempre più concreti problemi inerenti al cambiamento climatico, l’impatto ambientale di alcune tecniche agricole, l’insicurezza alimentare e le carenze nutrizionali ad essa associate, nonché la crisi economica; i funghi possono rappresentare un’alternativa alimentare sempre più consistente e soddisfacente sotto diversi punti di vista. In post-raccolta, di norma, nei prodotti agricoli vengono utilizzati trattamenti a LED per garantire la conservazione delle sostanze nutrizionali e migliorare la shelf-life degli alimenti; ad oggi però recenti studi hanno dimostrato come tali trattamenti luminosi se applicati in pre-raccolta possano incidere positivamente sulle caratteristiche quanti-qualitative del prodotto. In questo studio sono stati applicati due diversi trattamenti d’illuminazione LED (a 450 nm e a 610 nm) durante la coltivazione su due varietà diverse di funghi afferenti alla specie Pleurotus ostreatus che rappresenta la seconda specie più coltivata al mondo con il 25% della produzione globale. Le varietà coltivate sono state la P80 e Spoppo, quest’ultima è una variante della prima e differisce dalla precedente solamente per l’incapacità produttiva di spore. Il confronto è stato effettuato poiché lo Spoppo può rappresentare un vantaggio per i coltivatori che non sarebbero quindi esposti alle spore che spesso causano infiammazioni delle vie aeree. Si è quindi valutato se ci fossero delle differenze produttive e qualitative anche tra queste varietà così simili, tali da far preferire ulteriormente la coltivazione di quest’ultima. I parametri morfoponderali rilevati in funzione del diverso trattamento luminoso, sono stati: la comparsa dei primordi, la resa normalizzata, il numero di famiglie totali per sacco, il numero di corpi fruttiferi per famiglia, il diametro e lo spessore dei corpi fruttiferi. Per quanto riguarda i parametri qualitativi: colore, conducibilità elettrica, pH, solidi solubili, acidità titolabile, texture, contenuto di antiossidanti e polifenoli totali. Dai risultati sono emerse delle differenze significative su più parametri, talvolta contrastanti, tra le due varietà e volate di produzione ad esse associate; nonostante questo si sono riscontrate delle promettenti prospettive future in termini di utilizzo delle tecniche di illuminazione LED in pre-raccolta in grado di migliorare produzione, morfologia e qualità del prodotto. Essendo ancora relativamente limitati i risultati a riguardo, rimane la necessità di continuare.
Applicazione di illuminazione LED a diverse lunghezze d’onda nella coltivazione di Pleurotus ostreatus: effetti su produzione e qualità
BRUNELLO, CHIARA
2023/2024
Abstract
The global mushrooms market is growing with a Compounded Average Growth Rate of 8,26% over the past 20 years. This growth can be attributed to several factors: firstly, mushrooms have low pedoclimatic requirements and they adapt easily to the environment; also, they can develop in waste substrates, which allow them to be cultivated in different areas. Furthermore, they are a cheap food with a rich nutritional content, high in essential amino acids, antioxidants and vitamins. Nowdays there are a lot of problems as the climate change, the environmental impact of some farming techniques, food insecurity and nutritional deficiencies, economic crisis; and mushrooms can offer an increasingly viable and satisfactory food alternative from multiple perspectives. LED lighting treatments are typically used in post-harvest processes for agricultural products to preserve nutritional substances and improve foods shelf life; however, recent studies have shown how if these light treatments are applied during pre-harvest, they can positively impact the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the product. In this study, two different LED lighting treatments (at 450 nm and 610 nm) were applied in pre-harvest to two different varieties of mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus. This one with other species, makes the Pleurotus the second most variety cultivated worldwide, by 25% of global production. The cultivated varieties were P80 and Spoppo that is a variant of P80 that do not produce spores. The study wanted the comparison because Spoppo offers an advantage to farmers, as they are not exposed to spores, which often cause respiratory issues. We aimed to determine if there were significant differences between these closely varieties that make us prefer Spoppo to P80. The morphoponderal parameters detect by different lighting treatments were: primordia emergence, normalized yield, total number of families per bag, number of fruiting bodies per family, and the diameter and thickness of fruiting bodies. Qualitative parameters were measured included: colour, electrical conductivity, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, texture, antioxidants and total polyphenols content, ergosterol and vitamin D. Results revealed significant differences across multiple factors between the two varieties and their respective production cycles and the future perspectives is that LED lighting techniques will be more use during the pre-harvest. Despite that the results are still few and other studies are needed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Brunello_Chiara.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
2.39 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.39 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80389