Today, the number of people who live with the use of a manual wheelchair is steadily increasing, thanks to advances in healthcare that have improved the life expectancy of these individuals. Many of them rediscover new ways of self-expression and self-esteem, one of which is engaging in sports. With the growing number of athletes with disabilities competing at higher and higher levels, the role of the physiotherapist is crucial in supporting these individuals, both in prevention and rehabilitation. This thesis primarily focuses on prevention, while also including rehabilitative aspects, with particular attention to potential injuries and upper limb lesions in wheelchair athletes. The work is entirely based on existing scientific research, from which the necessary data has been extracted to develop the final results. After an overview of the population in question, namely paraplegic athletes with spinal cord injury, and a reference to the evolution of the Paralympic Games, the thesis explores, through scientific literature, the most common injuries these athletes may face, the predictive factors that contribute to their occurrence, and the prevention and treatment strategies currently supported by the literature. The results indicate that prevention plays a crucial role for wheelchair athletes. Specifically, strengthening the humeral adductors, warming up the rotator cuff and deltoids are essential for reducing the risk of injury. Moreover, it is important to periodize sprint sessions, as they are particularly demanding on the shoulder joint compared to other athletic movements. Regarding rehabilitation, one protocol that has proven beneficial in reducing shoulder pain in these athletes is the STOMPS program (Strengthening and Optimal Movements for Painful Shoulders). Despite the limitations encountered in the research, the conclusions drawn have been written as guidelines that can serve as a basis for future research, contributing to a deeper understanding of the sporting reality related to wheelchair athletes.
Oggi il numero di persone che vivono con l’utilizzo di una carrozzina manuale è in costante aumento, grazie ai progressi nel campo della sanità che hanno migliorato l’aspettativa di vita di queste persone. Molti di loro riscoprono nuove modalità di espressione e autostima, tra cui la pratica sportiva. Con il crescente numero di atleti con disabilità che partecipano a competizioni sportive a livelli sempre più alti, il fisioterapista svolge un ruolo fondamentale nel supportare questi individui, sia nella prevenzione che nella riabilitazione. Questa tesi si concentra principalmente sulla prevenzione, pur includendo anche aspetti riabilitativi, con particolare attenzione ai possibili infortuni e lesioni agli arti superiori degli atleti in carrozzina. Il lavoro si basa interamente sulla ricerca scientifica esistente, dalla quale sono stati ricavati i dati necessari per la stesura dei risultati. Dopo una panoramica sulla popolazione in questione, ovvero gli atleti paraplegici con lesione midollare, e un richiamo all'evoluzione delle Paralimpiadi, la tesi esplora, attraverso la bibliografia scientifica, gli infortuni più comuni che questi atleti rischiano di incorrere, i fattori predittivi che ne favoriscono l’insorgenza e le strategie di prevenzione e trattamento attualmente supportate dalla letteratura. I risultati emersi indicano che la prevenzione riveste un ruolo cruciale per gli atleti in carrozzina. In particolare, il rafforzamento degli adduttori dell’omero, il riscaldamento della cuffia dei rotatori e dei deltoidi sono fondamentali per ridurre il rischio di lesioni. Inoltre, è importante periodizzare le sessioni di sprint, poiché sono particolarmente gravose per l’articolazione della spalla rispetto ad altri movimenti atletici. Per quanto riguarda la riabilitazione, uno dei protocolli che si è dimostrato utile nel ridurre il dolore alla spalla è il programma STOMPS (Strengthening and Optimal Movements for Painful Shoulders). Nonostante le limitazioni incontrate dalla ricerca, le conclusioni tratte sono state redatte come linee guida che possono costituire una base per future ricerche, contribuendo ad approfondire la comprensione della realtà sportiva legata agli atleti in carrozzina.
La prevenzione del dolore agli arti superiori nell'atleta in carrozzina
CHIARELLO, MATTEO
2023/2024
Abstract
Today, the number of people who live with the use of a manual wheelchair is steadily increasing, thanks to advances in healthcare that have improved the life expectancy of these individuals. Many of them rediscover new ways of self-expression and self-esteem, one of which is engaging in sports. With the growing number of athletes with disabilities competing at higher and higher levels, the role of the physiotherapist is crucial in supporting these individuals, both in prevention and rehabilitation. This thesis primarily focuses on prevention, while also including rehabilitative aspects, with particular attention to potential injuries and upper limb lesions in wheelchair athletes. The work is entirely based on existing scientific research, from which the necessary data has been extracted to develop the final results. After an overview of the population in question, namely paraplegic athletes with spinal cord injury, and a reference to the evolution of the Paralympic Games, the thesis explores, through scientific literature, the most common injuries these athletes may face, the predictive factors that contribute to their occurrence, and the prevention and treatment strategies currently supported by the literature. The results indicate that prevention plays a crucial role for wheelchair athletes. Specifically, strengthening the humeral adductors, warming up the rotator cuff and deltoids are essential for reducing the risk of injury. Moreover, it is important to periodize sprint sessions, as they are particularly demanding on the shoulder joint compared to other athletic movements. Regarding rehabilitation, one protocol that has proven beneficial in reducing shoulder pain in these athletes is the STOMPS program (Strengthening and Optimal Movements for Painful Shoulders). Despite the limitations encountered in the research, the conclusions drawn have been written as guidelines that can serve as a basis for future research, contributing to a deeper understanding of the sporting reality related to wheelchair athletes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80541