ABSTRACT Background: Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues, causing swelling and negatively impacting the physical and psychological well-being of patients. Despite its prevalence, it is often underestimated and diagnosed late, leading to a deterioration in quality of life and increased treatment costs. Without early intervention and proper home management, the disease tends to progress, worsening and causing complications. Aim: This thesis aims to create an informational booklet designed to educate patients on the home management of lymphedema. The informational material seeks to improve self-care, providing practical guidance on self-management strategies and facilitating early, informed intervention with the goal of containing disease progression and preventing complications. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted on effective self-care practices for lymphedema and on proper strategies for communicating health information to patients. Subsequently, questionnaires were administered to two groups of patients (those newly diagnosed and those in follow-up) to gather data on specific informational needs and to adapt the contents of the educational material. Results: The literature identifies compression garments, skin care, lymphatic drainage massage, and physical exercise as pillars of self-care. The questionnaires reveal that most patients learned about the condition from medical professionals within 1-5 years of the first symptoms. Common symptoms include pain, limb heaviness, movement difficulties, and skin changes; frequent complications include skin infections, lymphangitis, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Known strategies for managing lymphedema are bandaging, lymphatic drainage, compression garments, and limb elevation; however, physical exercise and diet are not commonly practiced. Patients report moderate physical activity, with an average lifestyle score of 5 out of 10. During follow-up visits, patients confirmed spending less than 30 minutes per week on lymphedema self-management and expressed a desire for more information on rehabilitative interventions and appropriate behaviors. The resulting booklet scored 93% on comprehensibility and 80% on applicability, as measured by PEMAT. Discussion: The data collected shows that newly diagnosed patients, while aware of self-management practices, do not apply them consistently; in follow-up patients, knowledge itself is even lower. The time dedicated to self-care is insufficient. Late diagnosis may be influenced by patients underestimating early symptoms and limited public and healthcare professional awareness of the condition. Conclusions: The creation of the informational booklet represents a step toward a more informed and responsible management of lymphedema. Disseminating adequate knowledge on home management can help patients maintain autonomy, improve quality of life, and reduce dependency on healthcare providers.
RIASSUNTO Background: Il linfedema è una condizione cronica caratterizzata da un accumulo anomalo di liquido linfatico nei tessuti, che causa gonfiore e impatta negativamente sul benessere fisico e psicologico dei pazienti. Nonostante la sua diffusione, è spesso sottovalutato e diagnosticato tardivamente, portando a un peggioramento della qualità di vita e a un aumento dei costi di trattamento. Senza un intervento precoce e una gestione domiciliare adeguata, la malattia tende a progredire, aggravandosi e causando complicanze. Obiettivo: Questa tesi ha come scopo la creazione di un opuscolo informativo volto a educare i pazienti nella gestione domiciliare del linfedema. Il materiale informativo ha l’obiettivo di migliorare il self-care, fornendo indicazioni pratiche sulle strategie di autogestione e facilitando un intervento precoce e consapevole, con l’obiettivo di contenere l’avanzamento della patologia e prevenire complicanze. Materiali e Metodi: è stata condotta una analisi della letteratura sulle pratiche di self-care efficaci per il linfedema, e sulle corrette strategie di comunicazione delle informazioni sanitarie ai pazienti sulla base di cui è stata formulata una prima versione dell’opuscolo. Successivamente, sono stati somministrati questionari a due gruppi di pazienti (in fase di diagnosi e in follow-up) per raccogliere dati sui bisogni informativi specifici e adattare i contenuti del materiale educativo. Risultati: La letteratura include l’uso di indumenti compressivi, la cura della pelle, il massaggio linfodrenante e l’esercizio fisico come pilastri del self care. Dai questionari emerge che la maggior parte dei pazienti ha scoperto la patologia da figure medico-sanitarie entro 1-5 anni dai primi sintomi. I sintomi comuni includono dolore, pesantezza all'arto, difficoltà di movimento e cambiamenti cutanei; complicanze frequenti sono infezioni della cute, linfangiti e TVP. Le strategie note per la gestione del linfedema sono bendaggio, linfodrenaggio, tutore elasto-compressivo, elevazione dell’arto, ma l'esercizio fisico e la dieta non vengono praticati. I pazienti riferiscono un'attività fisica moderata, con uno stile di vita valutato mediamente 5 su 10. In visita di controllo, i pazienti confermano di dedicare meno di 30 minuti a settimana all'autogestione del linfedema e desiderano maggiori informazioni su interventi riabilitativi e comportamenti adeguati. L’opuscolo risultante ha dato un punteggio di comprensibilità del 93% e di attuabilità dell’80%, misurati tramite il PEMAT. Discussione: Dai dati raccolti, è emerso che i pazienti con nuova diagnosi, pur conoscendo le pratiche di autogestione, non le applicano regolarmente; tra i follow-up invece la conoscenza stessa è minore. Il tempo dedicato al self care risulta insufficiente. Alla diagnosi tardiva potrebbero concorrere la sottovalutazione dei primi sintomi da parte dei pazienti e la poca conoscenza pubblica e degli operatori della patologia. Conclusioni: La creazione dell’opuscolo informativo rappresenta un passo verso una gestione più consapevole e responsabile del linfedema. Diffondere conoscenze adeguate sulla gestione domiciliare può aiutare i pazienti a mantenere la propria autonomia, migliorare la qualità di vita e ridurre la dipendenza dagli operatori sanitari.
Gestione domiciliare del linfedema: formulazione di un opuscolo informativo che mira all'educazione del paziente
MORELLI, NICOLE
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues, causing swelling and negatively impacting the physical and psychological well-being of patients. Despite its prevalence, it is often underestimated and diagnosed late, leading to a deterioration in quality of life and increased treatment costs. Without early intervention and proper home management, the disease tends to progress, worsening and causing complications. Aim: This thesis aims to create an informational booklet designed to educate patients on the home management of lymphedema. The informational material seeks to improve self-care, providing practical guidance on self-management strategies and facilitating early, informed intervention with the goal of containing disease progression and preventing complications. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted on effective self-care practices for lymphedema and on proper strategies for communicating health information to patients. Subsequently, questionnaires were administered to two groups of patients (those newly diagnosed and those in follow-up) to gather data on specific informational needs and to adapt the contents of the educational material. Results: The literature identifies compression garments, skin care, lymphatic drainage massage, and physical exercise as pillars of self-care. The questionnaires reveal that most patients learned about the condition from medical professionals within 1-5 years of the first symptoms. Common symptoms include pain, limb heaviness, movement difficulties, and skin changes; frequent complications include skin infections, lymphangitis, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Known strategies for managing lymphedema are bandaging, lymphatic drainage, compression garments, and limb elevation; however, physical exercise and diet are not commonly practiced. Patients report moderate physical activity, with an average lifestyle score of 5 out of 10. During follow-up visits, patients confirmed spending less than 30 minutes per week on lymphedema self-management and expressed a desire for more information on rehabilitative interventions and appropriate behaviors. The resulting booklet scored 93% on comprehensibility and 80% on applicability, as measured by PEMAT. Discussion: The data collected shows that newly diagnosed patients, while aware of self-management practices, do not apply them consistently; in follow-up patients, knowledge itself is even lower. The time dedicated to self-care is insufficient. Late diagnosis may be influenced by patients underestimating early symptoms and limited public and healthcare professional awareness of the condition. Conclusions: The creation of the informational booklet represents a step toward a more informed and responsible management of lymphedema. Disseminating adequate knowledge on home management can help patients maintain autonomy, improve quality of life, and reduce dependency on healthcare providers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Morelli Nicole, GESTIONE DOMICILIARE DEL LINFEDEMA. FORMULAZIONE DI UN OPUSCOLO INFORMATIVO CHE MIRA ALL'EDUCAZIONE DEL PAZIENTE.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80547