The ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-harelip (EEC) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TP63 gene, which encodes the P63 protein, a transcription factor essential for the development and maintenance of the cornea. The deficiency of this protein causes keratopathy, dry eyes and vision impairment. Considering the ineffectiveness of corneal transplantation, an invasive approach that often leads to rejection, alternative therapies need to be explored. This thesis project proposes a therapeutic approach based on siRNA to inhibit the activity of the mutated gene, thus correcting the phenotype of corneal epithelial cells. However, to overcome the susceptibility of siRNA to enzymatic degradation by RNAases, a protective system based on amphiphilic micelles has been studied. Two types of micelles have been developed and characterized: 1. Non-crosslinked micelles composed of 5β-cholanic acid (core) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, shell), capable of encapsulating the siRNA through hydrophobic interactions between the apolar core and cholesterol-linked siRNA. 2. Crosslinked micelles, containing the same basic reagents as the non-crosslinked micelles, namely PEG and 5β-cholanic acid. In addition to these, they present in the middle of the PEG chain a cysteine dimer with free thiols. These free thiol groups bind to each other, forming a crosslinked network that increase their stability compared to the previous micelles, provides greater protection towards the oligonucleotide and increase the possible scope of applicability. The results suggest that the developed micelles could represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of rare corneal diseases.
La ectrodattilia-displasia ectodermica-labbro leporino (EEC) è una malattia genetica rara causata dalla mutazione del gene TP63, che codifica per la proteina P63, un fattore di trascrizione essenziale per lo sviluppo e il mantenimento della cornea. Il deficit di questa proteina provoca cheratopatia, secchezza oculare e compromissione della visione. Considerata l’inefficacia del trapianto di cornea, un approccio invasivo che spesso porta al rigetto, sono in studio terapie alternative. Questo progetto di tesi propone un approccio terapeutico basato sulla veicolazione di siRNA per inibire l’attività del gene mutato, correggendo così il fenotipo delle cellule epiteliali della cornea. Per superare il problema della degradazione enzimatica del siRNA da parte di RNAasi, si è studiato un sistema di protezione e veicolazione basato su micelle anfifiliche. Sono state sviluppate e caratterizzate due tipologie di micelle: 1. Micelle non cross-linkate costituite da acido 5β-colanico (core) e polietilenglicole (PEG, shell), in grado di incapsulare siRNA mediante interazioni idrofobiche tra il core apolare e siRNA derivatizzato con colesterolo. 2. Micelle cross-linkate, contenenti gli stessi reagenti di base delle micelle non cross-linkate, ovvero PEG e acido 5β-colanico. Oltre a questi, le macromolecole presentano nel mezzo della catena di PEG un dimero di cisteina con tioli liberi. Questi gruppi tiolici liberi si legano per ossidazione tra loro, formando una rete di legami crociati che aumentano la stabilità della micella, favoriscono una maggiore protezione dell’oligonucleotide e aumentano la possibile applicabilità. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che le micelle sviluppate potrebbe rappresentare una nuova strategia terapeutica promettente per il trattamento delle malattie rare della cornea.
Sviluppo di sistemi micellari per la veicolazione di farmaci oligonucleotidici.
NARDI, ANTONIO
2023/2024
Abstract
The ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-harelip (EEC) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TP63 gene, which encodes the P63 protein, a transcription factor essential for the development and maintenance of the cornea. The deficiency of this protein causes keratopathy, dry eyes and vision impairment. Considering the ineffectiveness of corneal transplantation, an invasive approach that often leads to rejection, alternative therapies need to be explored. This thesis project proposes a therapeutic approach based on siRNA to inhibit the activity of the mutated gene, thus correcting the phenotype of corneal epithelial cells. However, to overcome the susceptibility of siRNA to enzymatic degradation by RNAases, a protective system based on amphiphilic micelles has been studied. Two types of micelles have been developed and characterized: 1. Non-crosslinked micelles composed of 5β-cholanic acid (core) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, shell), capable of encapsulating the siRNA through hydrophobic interactions between the apolar core and cholesterol-linked siRNA. 2. Crosslinked micelles, containing the same basic reagents as the non-crosslinked micelles, namely PEG and 5β-cholanic acid. In addition to these, they present in the middle of the PEG chain a cysteine dimer with free thiols. These free thiol groups bind to each other, forming a crosslinked network that increase their stability compared to the previous micelles, provides greater protection towards the oligonucleotide and increase the possible scope of applicability. The results suggest that the developed micelles could represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of rare corneal diseases.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80631