INTRODUCTION: Nutrition and Eating Disorders (DNA) represent a substantial public health problem given their widespread prevalence and associated negative outcomes. During adolescence, young people are particularly vulnerable to external influences related to body image, stemming from “cultural canons” characterized by unrealistic models of beauty, performance and efficiency. Such models, conveyed by the media and social networks, together with a negative perception of one's own body can foster, in predisposed individuals, the onset of eating disorders. This undergraduate paper proposes an investigation of body perception and self-esteem among male adolescents, with a particular focus on risk factors and possible predictors of vigorexia, a form of body dysformism centered on obsession with muscular development, which is less well known and less investigated, compared to other DNA. Through a self-administered questionnaire investigating some social, cultural, and psychological factors that may influence body image, the present work aims, on the one hand, to confirm the association between an altered perception of one's body image and a deficit in self-esteem in the development of pathological eating behaviors; and, on the other hand, to identify a group at higher risk of developing such pathologies to which preventive interventions can be directed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The self-administered questionnaire was administered to a group of 102 male adolescents belonging to a high school in Castelfranco Veneto. The results were analyzed in RStudio with descriptive statistical indicators and by nonparametric Fisher's exact test, including calculation of Odds Ratios (ORs) by logistic regression, with associated p-values, to assess direction and intensity of association. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Statistical significance was found in several variables investigated, the main ones being related to the adoption of particular dietary regimens, use of supplements and substances, satisfaction with one's physical appearance, family support, and comparison of one's body image with that of others, going to compare the groups of bodybuilding/not bodybuilding boys. The robustness of these associations was then investigated by extending the comparison to the gym/non-gym groups, noting that the same variables could serve as predictors, and the results obtained highlighted that those who practice gym sports and those who practice bodybuilding are population groups at risk for the development of vigorexia, and could benefit from prevention interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that not only bodybuilders but also young gym-goers represent an at-risk population. Although no associations emerged with self-esteem, altered perception of self-image and body dissatisfaction this could be due to limitations of the questionnaire or the positive effect of the sport activity practiced. Therefore, the implementation of a primary and secondary prevention project based on the training of future fitness professionals is proposed.
INTRODUZIONE: I Disturbi della Nutrizione e Alimentazione (DNA) rappresentano un problema di salute pubblica sostanziale, data la loro diffusa prevalenza e gli esiti negativi associati. Durante l’adolescenza i giovani sono particolarmente vulnerabili alle influenze esterne legate all’immagine corporea, derivanti da “canoni culturali” caratterizzati da modelli non realistici di bellezza, di performance e di efficienza. Tali modelli, veicolati dai media e dai social network, assieme ad una percezione negativa del proprio corpo possono favorire, nei soggetti predisposti, l’insorgenza di disturbi alimentari. Il presente elaborato di laurea propone un’indagine sulla percezione corporea e autostima tra gli adolescenti maschi, con particolare focus sui fattori di rischio e possibili predittori della vigoressia, una forma di disformismo corporeo incentrata sull’ossessione per lo sviluppo muscolare, meno nota e meno investigata, rispetto ad altri DNA. Attraverso un questionario autosomministrato che indaga alcuni fattori sociali, culturali e psicologici che possono influenzare l’immagine corporea, il presente lavoro mira, da un lato, a confermare l’associazione tra una alterata percezione della propria immagine corporea e un deficit dell'autostima nello sviluppo di comportamenti alimentari patologici; dall'altro, identificare un gruppo a maggior rischio di sviluppo di tali patologie a cui poter rivolgere degli interventi di prevenzione. MATERIALI E METODI: Il questionario autoredatto è stato somministrato ad un gruppo di 102 adolescenti maschi facente parte di un Istituto superiore di Castelfranco Veneto. I risultati sono stati analizzati in RStudio con indicatori statistici descrittivi e mediante test non parametrico di Fisher, includendo il calcolo degli Odds Ratio (OR) tramite regressione logistica, con i relativi p-value, per valutare direzione e intensità dell'associazione. RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE: La significatività statistica è risultata in diverse variabili indagate, le principali sono relative all’adozione di regimi alimentari particolari, l’utilizzo di integratori e sostanze, la soddisfazione del proprio aspetto fisico, il supporto familiare e il confronto della propria immagine corporea con quella degli altri, andando a confrontare i gruppi dei ragazzi che praticano/non praticano bodybuilding. Si è poi indagata la robustezza di tali associazioni estendendo il confronto ai gruppi palestra/non palestra, osservando che le stesse variabili potrebbero fungere da predittori e i risultati ottenuti hanno messo in evidenza che chi pratica attività sportiva in palestra e chi pratica il bodybuilding sono dei gruppi di popolazione a rischio per lo sviluppo di vigoressia, e che potrebbero beneficiare di interventi di prevenzione. CONCLUSIONI: Lo studio ha evidenziato che non solo i bodybuilder, ma anche i giovani frequentanti la palestra rappresentano una popolazione a rischio. Sebbene non siano emerse associazioni con autostima, percezione alterata della propria immagine e insoddisfazione corporea ciò potrebbe dipendere da limiti del questionario o dall’effetto positivo dell’attività sportiva praticata. Si propone, quindi, l’implementazione di un progetto di prevenzione primaria e secondaria basato sulla formazione dei futuri professionisti dell’ambito fitness.
Percezione dell'immagine corporea tra gli adolescenti maschi: indagine sui fattori di rischio della vigoressia
CAMPAGNOLO, MARTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Nutrition and Eating Disorders (DNA) represent a substantial public health problem given their widespread prevalence and associated negative outcomes. During adolescence, young people are particularly vulnerable to external influences related to body image, stemming from “cultural canons” characterized by unrealistic models of beauty, performance and efficiency. Such models, conveyed by the media and social networks, together with a negative perception of one's own body can foster, in predisposed individuals, the onset of eating disorders. This undergraduate paper proposes an investigation of body perception and self-esteem among male adolescents, with a particular focus on risk factors and possible predictors of vigorexia, a form of body dysformism centered on obsession with muscular development, which is less well known and less investigated, compared to other DNA. Through a self-administered questionnaire investigating some social, cultural, and psychological factors that may influence body image, the present work aims, on the one hand, to confirm the association between an altered perception of one's body image and a deficit in self-esteem in the development of pathological eating behaviors; and, on the other hand, to identify a group at higher risk of developing such pathologies to which preventive interventions can be directed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The self-administered questionnaire was administered to a group of 102 male adolescents belonging to a high school in Castelfranco Veneto. The results were analyzed in RStudio with descriptive statistical indicators and by nonparametric Fisher's exact test, including calculation of Odds Ratios (ORs) by logistic regression, with associated p-values, to assess direction and intensity of association. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Statistical significance was found in several variables investigated, the main ones being related to the adoption of particular dietary regimens, use of supplements and substances, satisfaction with one's physical appearance, family support, and comparison of one's body image with that of others, going to compare the groups of bodybuilding/not bodybuilding boys. The robustness of these associations was then investigated by extending the comparison to the gym/non-gym groups, noting that the same variables could serve as predictors, and the results obtained highlighted that those who practice gym sports and those who practice bodybuilding are population groups at risk for the development of vigorexia, and could benefit from prevention interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that not only bodybuilders but also young gym-goers represent an at-risk population. Although no associations emerged with self-esteem, altered perception of self-image and body dissatisfaction this could be due to limitations of the questionnaire or the positive effect of the sport activity practiced. Therefore, the implementation of a primary and secondary prevention project based on the training of future fitness professionals is proposed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80910