Organic agriculture is experiencing rapid growth worldwide, offering a response to the challenges related to environmental sustainability and human health. One of the main difficulties in managing organic crops is weed control, as herbicides are prohibited in organic farming. Mulching is an agronomic technique widely adopted to limit weed growth, and using polyethylene sheets has become a global standard. However, using plastic sheets for mulching has raised environmental concerns, particularly regarding microplastic contamination and disposal issues. This thesis examines different types of mulching within organic farming, focusing on environmental impacts and sustainable solutions. Specifically, plastic sheets, biodegradable sheets, and dry plant material are analyzed, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of effectiveness in weed control and ecological implications. Part of the work is dedicated to the internship experience carried out at the organic farm "La Campagnola" in Friuli Venezia Giulia, where mulching with dry plant material was implemented. Field observations highlighted the difficulties and benefits of using these alternative materials to plastic, particularly in managing more challenging weeds, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). In conclusion, the thesis emphasizes the importance of adopting more sustainable and circular solutions in organic farming instead of using plastic mulch, reducing plastic pollution and promoting agricultural practices that respect the ecosystem and improve soil quality. Despite the practical challenges encountered, the transition to ecological mulching methods represents a significant step towards more responsible and sustainable agriculture.
L'agricoltura biologica sta crescendo rapidamente a livello globale, offrendo una risposta alle sfide legate alla sostenibilità ambientale e alla salute umana. Una delle principali difficoltà nella gestione delle colture biologiche è il controllo delle infestanti, poiché nell'agricoltura biologica è vietato l'uso di diserbanti chimici. La pacciamatura è una tecnica agronomica ampiamente adottata per limitare la crescita delle malerbe e l'utilizzo di teli in polietilene è ormai diventato uno standard consolidato a livello mondiale. Tuttavia, l'uso di teli plastici per la pacciamatura ha suscitato preoccupazioni ambientali, in particolare per quanto riguarda la contaminazione da microplastiche e i problemi legati al loro smaltimento. Questa tesi analizza diverse tipologie di pacciamatura nell'ambito dell'agricoltura biologica, focalizzandosi sugli impatti ambientali e sulle soluzioni più sostenibili. In particolare, vengono esaminati i teli plastici, i teli biodegradabili e il materiale vegetale secco, ciascuno con i propri vantaggi e svantaggi in termini di efficacia nel controllo delle infestanti e delle implicazioni ecologiche. Una parte del lavoro è dedicata all'esperienza di tirocinio svolto presso l'azienda agricola biologica "La Campagnola" in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, dove è stata implementata la pacciamatura con materiale vegetale secco. Le osservazioni sul campo hanno messo in luce le difficoltà e i benefici derivanti dall'uso di materiali alternativi alla plastica, in particolare per la gestione delle malerbe più difficili da controllare, come ad esempio la sorghetta. In conclusione, la tesi evidenzia l'importanza di adottare soluzioni più sostenibili e circolari nell’agricoltura biologica rispetto ai teli pacciamanti in materiale plastico, al fine di ridurre l'inquinamento da plastica e promuovere pratiche agricole che rispettino l'ecosistema e migliorino la qualità del suolo. Nonostante le difficoltà pratiche riscontrate, la transizione verso metodi di pacciamatura ecologici rappresenta un passo significativo verso un’agricoltura più responsabile e sostenibile.
Confronto tra diversi tipi di pacciamatura in orticoltura biologica
REITER, FEE
2024/2025
Abstract
Organic agriculture is experiencing rapid growth worldwide, offering a response to the challenges related to environmental sustainability and human health. One of the main difficulties in managing organic crops is weed control, as herbicides are prohibited in organic farming. Mulching is an agronomic technique widely adopted to limit weed growth, and using polyethylene sheets has become a global standard. However, using plastic sheets for mulching has raised environmental concerns, particularly regarding microplastic contamination and disposal issues. This thesis examines different types of mulching within organic farming, focusing on environmental impacts and sustainable solutions. Specifically, plastic sheets, biodegradable sheets, and dry plant material are analyzed, each with their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of effectiveness in weed control and ecological implications. Part of the work is dedicated to the internship experience carried out at the organic farm "La Campagnola" in Friuli Venezia Giulia, where mulching with dry plant material was implemented. Field observations highlighted the difficulties and benefits of using these alternative materials to plastic, particularly in managing more challenging weeds, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). In conclusion, the thesis emphasizes the importance of adopting more sustainable and circular solutions in organic farming instead of using plastic mulch, reducing plastic pollution and promoting agricultural practices that respect the ecosystem and improve soil quality. Despite the practical challenges encountered, the transition to ecological mulching methods represents a significant step towards more responsible and sustainable agriculture.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81978