The thesis work was carried out in a dairy cattle farm in Trentino that had already begun transitioning toward selective dry cow therapy to ensure a responsible and rational use of antibiotics. The main objective of the thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a targeted approach to selective drying-off, focusing on treating individual quarters rather than the entire udder. The goal was to reduce antibiotic use and thus contribute to the fight against antibiotic resistance without compromising herd health. The study aimed to determine whether an integrated approach to antibiotic use, based on accurate diagnostic data, could allow treatment only when and where necessary. This means that not all cows receive antibiotic treatment at drying-off; only those showing signs of infection are treated, based on specific tests such as the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and official checks carried out regularly by Federazione Allevatori di Trento. Overall, the farm manages the drying-off period well, with an average duration of 53 days, which is considered adequate for udder recovery. However, some critical points emerged. For example, the threshold of 500,000 cells/ml used to decide on antibiotic treatment is quite high compared to the recommended limit of 200,000 cells/ml. This could mean that some infections are not treated timely. Moreover, while selective treatment has proven effective in resolving infections, it does not always guarantee complete udder recovery or protection from poor hygiene conditions. In fact, some infected quarters in the cows exhibited mastitis issues even after treatment. Another aspect to consider is that relying solely on CMT and functional checks may not be sufficient to identify all cows that require treatment. In some cases, healthy quarters were treated, while in others, infected quarters were left untreated. This suggests the need to integrate these tests with microbiological analyses to obtain a more comprehensive diagnostic framework. Despite these challenges, it is important to emphasize that the farm is making significant efforts to improve animal welfare and optimize herd management conditions. The introduction of new technologies, such as robotic milking, and the relocation of cows to a new facility with more space and greater comfort for the animals are important steps in this direction. In conclusion, the farm’s approach to selective drying-off is promising, but there is still room for improvement. Lowering the somatic cell threshold, integrating CMT with microbiological analyses, and adopting better environmental and hygiene management practices could further reduce antibiotic use and ensure better herd health, aligning with the goal of combating antibiotic resistance.
Il lavoro di tesi è stato realizzato in una stalla di bovine da latte del Trentino già indirizzata verso l’adozione dell’asciutta selettiva per utilizzare in modo responsabile e razionale l’antibiotico. Lo scopo principale del lavoro di tesi è stato quello di valutare l'efficacia di un approccio mirato all'asciutta selettiva, concentrandosi sul trattamento del singolo quarto piuttosto che dell'intera mammella. L'obiettivo era di ridurre l'uso di antibiotici e contribuire così al contrasto dell'antibiotico-resistenza, senza compromettere la salute della mandria. In sintesi, si è cercato di capire se fosse possibile un approccio più "intelligente" all'uso degli antibiotici, basato su dati diagnostici accurati, per trattare solo quando e dove necessario. Questo significa che non tutte le bovine vengono trattate con antibiotici alla messa in asciutta ma solo quelle che mostrano segni di infezione, basandosi su test specifici come il California Mastitis Test e sui controlli funzionali. In linea generale, l'azienda ha una buona gestione dell'asciutta, con una durata media di 53 giorni, considerata adeguata per il recupero della mammella. Tuttavia, sono emerse alcune criticità: ad esempio, la soglia di 500.000 cellule/ml utilizzata per decidere il trattamento antibiotico è piuttosto alta rispetto ai limiti raccomandati di 200.000 cellule/ml. Questo potrebbe significare che alcune infezioni non vengono trattate tempestivamente. Inoltre, l'efficacia del trattamento selettivo, pur essendo buona nel risolvere le infezioni, non sempre garantisce il completo risanamento della mammella o la protezione da cattive condizioni igieniche. Infatti, alcuni quarti infetti delle bovine, hanno mostrato problemi di mastite anche dopo il trattamento. Un altro aspetto da considerare è che affidarsi solo al CMT e ai controlli funzionali potrebbe non essere sufficiente per identificare tutte le bovine che necessitano di trattamento. In alcuni casi, sono stati trattati quarti sani, mentre in altri, quarti infetti non sono stati trattati. Questo suggerisce la necessità di integrare questi test con analisi microbiologiche per avere un quadro diagnostico più completo. Nonostante queste criticità, è importante sottolineare che l'azienda sta compiendo sforzi significativi per migliorare il benessere animale e ottimizzare le condizioni dell'allevamento. L'introduzione di nuove tecnologie, come la mungitura robotizzata, e il trasferimento delle bovine in una nuova struttura con più spazio e maggiore confort per gli animali sono passi importanti in questa direzione. In conclusione, l'approccio dell'azienda all'asciutta selettiva è promettente, ma ci sono ancora margini di miglioramento. Abbassare la soglia delle cellule somatiche, integrare il CMT con analisi microbiologiche e adottare migliori pratiche di gestione ambientale e igienica potrebbero contribuire a ridurre ulteriormente l'uso di antibiotici e a garantire una migliore salute della mandria, in linea con l'obiettivo di contrastare l'antibiotico-resistenza.
Uso responsabile degli antibiotici nella gestione della messa in asciutta: caso studio di un’azienda di bovine da latte del Trentino
BERNARDI, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis work was carried out in a dairy cattle farm in Trentino that had already begun transitioning toward selective dry cow therapy to ensure a responsible and rational use of antibiotics. The main objective of the thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a targeted approach to selective drying-off, focusing on treating individual quarters rather than the entire udder. The goal was to reduce antibiotic use and thus contribute to the fight against antibiotic resistance without compromising herd health. The study aimed to determine whether an integrated approach to antibiotic use, based on accurate diagnostic data, could allow treatment only when and where necessary. This means that not all cows receive antibiotic treatment at drying-off; only those showing signs of infection are treated, based on specific tests such as the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and official checks carried out regularly by Federazione Allevatori di Trento. Overall, the farm manages the drying-off period well, with an average duration of 53 days, which is considered adequate for udder recovery. However, some critical points emerged. For example, the threshold of 500,000 cells/ml used to decide on antibiotic treatment is quite high compared to the recommended limit of 200,000 cells/ml. This could mean that some infections are not treated timely. Moreover, while selective treatment has proven effective in resolving infections, it does not always guarantee complete udder recovery or protection from poor hygiene conditions. In fact, some infected quarters in the cows exhibited mastitis issues even after treatment. Another aspect to consider is that relying solely on CMT and functional checks may not be sufficient to identify all cows that require treatment. In some cases, healthy quarters were treated, while in others, infected quarters were left untreated. This suggests the need to integrate these tests with microbiological analyses to obtain a more comprehensive diagnostic framework. Despite these challenges, it is important to emphasize that the farm is making significant efforts to improve animal welfare and optimize herd management conditions. The introduction of new technologies, such as robotic milking, and the relocation of cows to a new facility with more space and greater comfort for the animals are important steps in this direction. In conclusion, the farm’s approach to selective drying-off is promising, but there is still room for improvement. Lowering the somatic cell threshold, integrating CMT with microbiological analyses, and adopting better environmental and hygiene management practices could further reduce antibiotic use and ensure better herd health, aligning with the goal of combating antibiotic resistance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81980