Benzoic acid, an important antimicrobial and antifungal, has been the subject of several studies in recent years following several discoveries on its danger. In this thesis several scientific articles have been overhauled that take into consideration benzoic acid, both in its basic form, and in its derivatives as salts and (treated in small part) the parabens, all used in the food field. Benzoic acid is the simplest of aromatic carboxylic acids, to date, it is produced on a large scale through oxidation of toluene and is used, together with its derivatives, in different sectors of industry, including the food (of our interest). In fact, this class of molecules has bacteriostatic properties (and in particular bactericidal conditions), acting directly within the cytoplasm of bacterial cells. In this way it helps the matrix, food or not, in preventing microbial growth and consequently to guarantee greater microbiological safety towards the consumer. At the same time, however, this molecule has been the subject of several studies, as it has been found that at high doses it can lead to toxic effects towards the human body by triggering inflammation, allergic reactions and metabolic dysfunctions. To this is also added the fact, which, if it is found in the presence of other substances, such as ascorbic acid, can lead to the formation of small quantities of benzene. At these evidence, however, the legal limits that regulate the use of this substance, much lower than the dose that can cause toxic effect, thus allowing a safe use of benzoic acid as a food additive must also be taken into consideration.
L’acido benzoico, importante antimicrobico e antifungino, è stato oggetto di diversi studi negli ultimi anni in seguito a diverse scoperte sulla sua pericolosità. In questa tesi sono stati revisionati diversi articoli scientifici che prendono in considerazione l’acido benzoico, sia nella sua forma base, che nei suoi derivati come sali e (trattati in piccola parte) i parabeni, tutti utilizzati in campo alimentare. L’acido benzoico è il più semplice degli acidi carbossilici aromatici, ad oggi, viene prodotto su larga scala attraverso ossidazione del toluene e viene utilizzato, insieme ai suoi derivati, in diversi settori dell’industria, tra cui anche quello alimentare (di nostro interesse). Questa classe di molecole infatti, ha proprietà batteriostatica (e in particolari condizioni battericida), agendo direttamente all’interno del citoplasma delle cellule batteriche. In questo modo aiuta la matrice, alimentare o non, nel prevenire la crescita microbica e di conseguenza a garantire una maggior sicurezza microbiologica verso il consumatore. Al tempo stesso, però, questa molecola è stata oggetto di diversi studi, in quanto si è riscontrato che ad alte dosi può comportare effetti tossici verso l’organismo umano scatenando infiammazioni, reazioni allergiche e disfunzioni metaboliche. A questo si aggiunge anche il fatto, che, se si trova in presenza di altre sostanze, come l’acido ascorbico, può portare alla formazione di piccole quantità di benzene. A queste evidenze, però, devono essere presi in considerazione anche i limiti legali che regolamentano l’uso di questa sostanza, molto più bassi della dose che può causare effetto tossico, permettendo così un uso sicuro dell’acido benzoico come additivo alimentare.
Acido benzoico: uso e preoccupazioni
ZAMBON, FILIPPO
2024/2025
Abstract
Benzoic acid, an important antimicrobial and antifungal, has been the subject of several studies in recent years following several discoveries on its danger. In this thesis several scientific articles have been overhauled that take into consideration benzoic acid, both in its basic form, and in its derivatives as salts and (treated in small part) the parabens, all used in the food field. Benzoic acid is the simplest of aromatic carboxylic acids, to date, it is produced on a large scale through oxidation of toluene and is used, together with its derivatives, in different sectors of industry, including the food (of our interest). In fact, this class of molecules has bacteriostatic properties (and in particular bactericidal conditions), acting directly within the cytoplasm of bacterial cells. In this way it helps the matrix, food or not, in preventing microbial growth and consequently to guarantee greater microbiological safety towards the consumer. At the same time, however, this molecule has been the subject of several studies, as it has been found that at high doses it can lead to toxic effects towards the human body by triggering inflammation, allergic reactions and metabolic dysfunctions. To this is also added the fact, which, if it is found in the presence of other substances, such as ascorbic acid, can lead to the formation of small quantities of benzene. At these evidence, however, the legal limits that regulate the use of this substance, much lower than the dose that can cause toxic effect, thus allowing a safe use of benzoic acid as a food additive must also be taken into consideration.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85413