Scoliosis-Specific Exercises and the S4D Approach

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes and limit the progression of spinal deformities. This thesis aims to evaluate the effects of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) on AIS, with a particular focus on the Cobb angle reduction and patient-reported outcomes. The first section provides an overview of AIS, detailing its definition, pathological anatomy, classification, epidemiology, etiology, and progression-predicting factors. These elements are critical for understanding the disease’s complexity and tailoring effective interventions. The second section emphasizes the clinical assessment of AIS, highlighting the importance of evaluating quality of life alongside biomechanical and structural parameters. The efficacy of Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE) is critically analyzed, alongside other kinesiotherapy approaches. Treatment outcomes are discussed, and common misconceptions surrounding AIS management are addressed to clarify evidence-based practices. The third section presents the S4D Brasil method, a novel approach integrating classification, assessment, and treatment strategies, including the use of the S4D corset. This method also explores the role of physical activity in scoliosis management, providing a framework for incorporating corrective postures and functional exercises into daily activities. Finally, a clinical case series conducted at UNEB University in Brazil is presented. The study examines the clinical profiles of patients treated in a university setting, the therapeutic interventions applied, and the observed outcomes. Critical issues, limitations, and follow-up strategies are also discussed to enhance the validity and applicability of the findings. This work underscores the importance of personalized, evidence-based physiotherapeutic interventions in the management of AIS, aiming to contribute to the optimization of treatment strategies and patient outcomes.