The period between 1967 and 1975 was a crucial phase in the evolution of the foreign policy of the Italian Communist Party, marked by attempts to progressively distance itself from the Soviet model and a reassessment of its positions towards the State of Israel and the Arab world. This thesis analyzes the relations between the ICP and the Palestine Liberation Organization, with particular focus on the role of al-Fatah, investigating the political and ideological reasons that led to the establishment of a progressively deeper dialogue between the two entities. The research examines internal changes within the ICP in the international context of the Cold War, with specific reference to key events that shaped the history of the Middle East, such as the Six-Day War, "Black September," the Yom Kippur War, and the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. Additionally, the thesis delves into the debate within the ICP on the distinction between anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism, the internal tensions caused by the Prague Spring, and the attempt to transition to a more autonomous international policy under the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer. Through the analysis of primary sources, such as archival documents from the Gramsci Institute and articles from the party press, the thesis explores the ICP’s role as an international mediator and promoter of dialogue for the recognition of Palestinian rights, achieved through the organization of various congresses and numerous journeys to Arab countries. Central events leading to the progressive consolidation of relations between the ICP and the PLO are also illustrated. The main objective is to highlight the ideological and strategic motivations behind the ICP's decisions, emphasizing the Party's transformation process and its role in the international political landscape of the period.
Il periodo compreso tra il 1967 e il 1975 ha rappresentato una fase cruciale per l'evoluzione della politica estera del Partito Comunista Italiano, caratterizzata da tentativi di progressivo distacco dal modello sovietico e da un ripensamento delle sue posizioni nei confronti dello Stato di Israele e del mondo arabo. Questa tesi analizza i rapporti tra il PCI e l'Organizzazione per la Liberazione della Palestina, con particolare attenzione al ruolo di al-Fatah, indagando le ragioni politiche e ideologiche che portarono alla costruzione di un dialogo sempre più stretto tra le due entità. La ricerca esamina i cambiamenti interni al PCI nel contesto internazionale della Guerra Fredda, con particolare riferimento agli eventi fondamentali che caratterizzarono la storia del Medio Oriente come, ad esempio, la Guerra dei Sei Giorni, il "Settembre nero", la Guerra del Kippur, fino allo scoppio della Guerra civiline in Libano. Il lavoro, inoltre, approfondisce il dibattito che ci fu per la distinzione tra antisionismo e antisemitismo all'interno del PCI, le tensioni interne causate dalla Primavera di Praga e il tentativo di passaggio a una politica internazionale più autonoma grazie alla segreteria di Enrico Berlinguer. Attraverso l'analisi di fonti primarie come i documenti d'archivio dell'Istituto Gramsci e grazie agli articoli della stampa di partito, la tesi esplora il ruolo del PCI come mediatore internazionale e promotore, attraverso l'organizzazione di svariati congressi e di numerosi viaggi nei Paesi arabi, del dialogo per il riconoscimento dei diritti palestinesi. Vengono quindi illustrati gli eventi centrali che portarono ad un progressivo consolidamento dei rapporti tra il PCI e l’OLP. L’obiettivo principale è far emergere le motivazioni ideologiche e strategiche che hanno guidato le scelte del PCI, evidenziando il processo di trasformazione del Partito e il suo ruolo nel panorama politico internazionale del periodo.
La politica internazionale del Partito Comunista Italiano. Le relazioni tra il PCI e l'OLP dalla Guerra dei Sei Giorni alla vigilia della Guerra Civile Libanese (1967-1975)
RUSCIO, FILIPPO
2024/2025
Abstract
The period between 1967 and 1975 was a crucial phase in the evolution of the foreign policy of the Italian Communist Party, marked by attempts to progressively distance itself from the Soviet model and a reassessment of its positions towards the State of Israel and the Arab world. This thesis analyzes the relations between the ICP and the Palestine Liberation Organization, with particular focus on the role of al-Fatah, investigating the political and ideological reasons that led to the establishment of a progressively deeper dialogue between the two entities. The research examines internal changes within the ICP in the international context of the Cold War, with specific reference to key events that shaped the history of the Middle East, such as the Six-Day War, "Black September," the Yom Kippur War, and the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. Additionally, the thesis delves into the debate within the ICP on the distinction between anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism, the internal tensions caused by the Prague Spring, and the attempt to transition to a more autonomous international policy under the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer. Through the analysis of primary sources, such as archival documents from the Gramsci Institute and articles from the party press, the thesis explores the ICP’s role as an international mediator and promoter of dialogue for the recognition of Palestinian rights, achieved through the organization of various congresses and numerous journeys to Arab countries. Central events leading to the progressive consolidation of relations between the ICP and the PLO are also illustrated. The main objective is to highlight the ideological and strategic motivations behind the ICP's decisions, emphasizing the Party's transformation process and its role in the international political landscape of the period.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86404