Slow waves, characteristic of NREM sleep, represent a central mechanism in orchestrating the neurophysiological processes responsible for memory consolidation during sleep. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the possibility of non-invasively influencing these oscillations through sensory stimulation. The aim of this thesis is to explore the most recent paradigms of acoustic stimulation, with particular focus on the electrophysiological correlates modulated by such stimulations. The first chapter will define sleep as a phenomenon and briefly introduce some of the hypotheses concerning its functions. The architecture of sleep will then be examined in depth, with particular attention to slow-wave sleep and the electrophysiological events that characterize it. The second chapter will address the role of sleep in memory consolidation and, with reference to the active system consolidation theory, will analyze the coupling of slow-wave sleep oscillations and their role in promoting the strengthening and reorganization of memories acquired during wakefulness. The second part of the chapter will discuss several non-invasive stimulation paradigms employed over the past two decades to modulate slow-wave sleep. Finally, the third chapter will describe the research conducted to investigate the effect of acoustic stimulation, applied according to the CL-TMR (Closed-loop Targeted Memory Reactivation) paradigm, on electrophysiological correlates.
Le onde lente, caratteristiche del sonno NREM, costituiscono un meccanismo centrale nell’orchestrare i processi neurofisiologici responsabili del consolidamento mnestico durante il sonno. Negli ultimi anni, l’attenzione si è progressivamente orientata verso la possibilità di influenzare in modo non invasivo tali oscillazioni attraverso la stimolazione sensoriale. L’obiettivo del presente elaborato è esplorare i più recenti paradigmi di stimolazione acustica, ponendo particolare attenzione ai correlati elettrofisiologici modulati da tali stimolazioni. Nel primo capitolo verrà definito il sonno come fenomeno e introdotte brevemente alcune delle ipotesi relative alle sue funzioni. Sarà poi approfondita la sua architettura, con particolare attenzione al sonno a onde lente e agli eventi elettrofisiologici che lo contraddistinguono. Il secondo capitolo affronterà il ruolo del sonno nel consolidamento mnestico e, con riferimento alla teoria del consolidamento di sistema attivo, verrà analizzato l’accoppiamento tra le oscillazioni tipiche del sonno a onde lente e il loro ruolo nel promuovere il rafforzamento e la riorganizzazione dei ricordi appresi durante la veglia. Nella seconda parte del capitolo verranno discussi alcuni dei paradigmi di stimolazione non invasiva impiegati negli ultimi due decenni per modulare il sonno a onde lente. Infine, il terzo capitolo descriverà la ricerca condotta per indagare l’effetto della stimolazione acustica, applicata secondo il paradigma CL-TMR (Closed-loop Targeted Memory Reactivation), sui correlati elettrofisiologici.
Targeted Memory Reactivation in closed-loop: effetti della stimolazione acustica durante il sonno sui correlati EEG
CARASI, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
Slow waves, characteristic of NREM sleep, represent a central mechanism in orchestrating the neurophysiological processes responsible for memory consolidation during sleep. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the possibility of non-invasively influencing these oscillations through sensory stimulation. The aim of this thesis is to explore the most recent paradigms of acoustic stimulation, with particular focus on the electrophysiological correlates modulated by such stimulations. The first chapter will define sleep as a phenomenon and briefly introduce some of the hypotheses concerning its functions. The architecture of sleep will then be examined in depth, with particular attention to slow-wave sleep and the electrophysiological events that characterize it. The second chapter will address the role of sleep in memory consolidation and, with reference to the active system consolidation theory, will analyze the coupling of slow-wave sleep oscillations and their role in promoting the strengthening and reorganization of memories acquired during wakefulness. The second part of the chapter will discuss several non-invasive stimulation paradigms employed over the past two decades to modulate slow-wave sleep. Finally, the third chapter will describe the research conducted to investigate the effect of acoustic stimulation, applied according to the CL-TMR (Closed-loop Targeted Memory Reactivation) paradigm, on electrophysiological correlates.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86575