Many studies have shown that the human brain possesses a “number sense”, an innate mechanism for understanding numerical quantities. This “number sense” is also shared with the animal world and seems to provide an initial foundation for later numerical learning. Most studies in this field have investigated our perception of positive natural numbers, excluding zero. However, zero is a special number: appeared late in history, it would appear to result in specific learning difficulties. However, it is still unclear when these difficulties emerge. The present research, therefore, aims to explore whether, already in early childhood, children are able to work with empty sets with a performance similar to that recorded with full sets. Twenty-six children from two kindergartens in Padua took part in the study. As part of a broader project, the children were given various tasks, including addition and subtraction tasks with non-symbolic numerosity, carried out on tablets and paper tasks of serialization and counting backwards. The results suggest a significant relationship between certain aspects of zero knowledge, particularly between seriation of sizes and numerosity, but not with counting backwards. A correlation emerged between addition and subtraction tasks with empty sets, with addition generally proving easier than subtraction. In subtraction, children perform better with empty sets, while in addition, preferences vary between full and empty sets.
Diversi studi hanno mostrato che il cervello umano possiede un “senso del numero”, ossia un meccanismo innato di comprensione delle quantità numeriche. Tale “senso del numero” sarebbe condiviso anche con il mondo animale e, secondo alcuni, fornirebbe un primo punto di partenza per il successivo apprendimento numerico. Tuttavia, la maggior parte degli studi condotti in questo ambito ha studiato la nostra percezione dei numeri naturali positivi, escludendo lo zero. Lo zero è però un numero particolare: apparso tardi a livello storico, sembrerebbe determinare specifiche difficoltà di apprendimento. Tuttavia, non è ancora chiaro quando queste difficoltà emergano. La presente ricerca mira dunque ad esplorare se, già fin dalla prima infanzia, i bambini riescono ad operare con gli insiemi vuoti con una performance analoga a quella registrata con gli insiemi pieni. Allo studio hanno partecipato 26 bambini appartenenti a due scuole dell’infanzia di Padova. All’interno di un progetto più ampio, ai bambini sono stati somministrati diversi compiti, tra cui dei compiti di addizione e sottrazione con numerosità non simbolica, svolti su tablet e compiti cartacei di seriazione e conteggio all’indietro. I risultati indicano una relazione significativa tra alcune conoscenze dello zero, in particolare tra seriazione di grandezze e numerosità, ma non con il conteggio all’indietro. È emersa una correlazione tra i compiti di addizione e sottrazione con insiemi vuoti, e l’addizione risulta generalmente più facile della sottrazione. Nella sottrazione, i bambini ottengono migliori risultati con insiemi vuoti, mentre nell’addizione le preferenze variano tra insiemi pieni e vuoti.
La cognizione del numero zero nei bambini di cinque anni. Una ricerca presso due scuole dell'infanzia.
SANTORU, FEDERICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Many studies have shown that the human brain possesses a “number sense”, an innate mechanism for understanding numerical quantities. This “number sense” is also shared with the animal world and seems to provide an initial foundation for later numerical learning. Most studies in this field have investigated our perception of positive natural numbers, excluding zero. However, zero is a special number: appeared late in history, it would appear to result in specific learning difficulties. However, it is still unclear when these difficulties emerge. The present research, therefore, aims to explore whether, already in early childhood, children are able to work with empty sets with a performance similar to that recorded with full sets. Twenty-six children from two kindergartens in Padua took part in the study. As part of a broader project, the children were given various tasks, including addition and subtraction tasks with non-symbolic numerosity, carried out on tablets and paper tasks of serialization and counting backwards. The results suggest a significant relationship between certain aspects of zero knowledge, particularly between seriation of sizes and numerosity, but not with counting backwards. A correlation emerged between addition and subtraction tasks with empty sets, with addition generally proving easier than subtraction. In subtraction, children perform better with empty sets, while in addition, preferences vary between full and empty sets.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87342