This thesis explores the theme of play as a fundamental educational tool, analysing its importance from a pedagogical perspective. The first chapter examines the concept of play in a general sense, exploring its main characteristics and its role in the cognitive, emotional and social development of children. The chapter focuses in particular on the theories of some of the main scholars who have addressed the issue of play in pedagogy and psychology: Jean Piaget, who considers play as an expression of cognitive development and the progressive internalisation of the mental schema; Lev Vygotsky, who emphasises its importance as a social and cultural tool through which children internalise the rules and patterns of the context in which they grow up; Donald Winnicott, who values play as a transitional space between internal and external reality; and Jerome Bruner, who emphasises the narrative and symbolic dimension of play in the learning process. The second chapter is devoted to the placement experience at a kindergarten, where children aged between 3 and 6 years were supervised. This part describes the educational context, the organisation of the school days, the teaching approach observed and the main activities proposed to the children. Emphasis is placed on direct observation of the children's playful behaviour and on the educators' role in encouraging spontaneous expression, cooperation and autonomy through play. In the third chapter, some of the play activities designed and implemented during the placement are analysed in detail. The educational aims of each proposal are described and how they relate to the pedagogical theories examined in the first chapter. Through this theoretical-practical connection, it is highlighted how play is not only a moment of leisure, but a real didactic tool, capable of stimulating learning, socialisation and the development of the child's personal identity.
La tesi approfondisce il tema del gioco come strumento educativo fondamentale, analizzandone l’importanza dal punto di vista pedagogico. Nel primo capitolo viene esaminato il concetto di gioco in senso generale, esplorando le sue caratteristiche principali e il ruolo che esso riveste nello sviluppo cognitivo, emotivo e sociale del bambino. Il capitolo si concentra in particolare sulle teorie di alcuni dei principali studiosi che hanno affrontato il tema del gioco in ambito pedagogico e psicologico: Jean Piaget, che considera il gioco come espressione dello sviluppo cognitivo e della progressiva interiorizzazione dello schema mentale; Lev Vygotskij, che ne sottolinea l’importanza come strumento sociale e culturale attraverso cui il bambino interiorizza le regole e i modelli del contesto in cui cresce; Donald Winnicott, che valorizza il gioco come spazio transizionale tra realtà interna ed esterna; e Jerome Bruner, che pone l’accento sulla dimensione narrativa e simbolica del gioco nel processo di apprendimento. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato all’esperienza di tirocinio svolta presso una scuola dell’infanzia, dove sono stati seguiti bambini di età compresa tra i 3 e i 6 anni. In questa parte viene descritto il contesto educativo, l’organizzazione delle giornate scolastiche, l’approccio didattico osservato e le principali attività proposte ai bambini. L’accento è posto sull’osservazione diretta dei comportamenti ludici dei bambini e sul ruolo degli educatori nel favorire l’espressione spontanea, la cooperazione e l’autonomia attraverso il gioco. Nel terzo capitolo, infine, si analizzano nel dettaglio alcune delle attività ludiche progettate e realizzate durante il tirocinio. Vengono descritte le finalità educative di ciascuna proposta e il modo in cui esse si ricollegano alle teorie pedagogiche esaminate nel primo capitolo. Attraverso questo collegamento teorico-pratico, viene messo in evidenza come il gioco non sia solo un momento di svago, ma un vero e proprio strumento didattico, capace di stimolare l’apprendimento, la socializzazione e lo sviluppo dell’identità personale del bambino.
L’importanza del gioco nello sviluppo dei bambini dai 3 ai 6 anni. Analisi pedagogica ed esperienza di tirocinio in una scuola dell’infanzia.
CHIGGIATO, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the theme of play as a fundamental educational tool, analysing its importance from a pedagogical perspective. The first chapter examines the concept of play in a general sense, exploring its main characteristics and its role in the cognitive, emotional and social development of children. The chapter focuses in particular on the theories of some of the main scholars who have addressed the issue of play in pedagogy and psychology: Jean Piaget, who considers play as an expression of cognitive development and the progressive internalisation of the mental schema; Lev Vygotsky, who emphasises its importance as a social and cultural tool through which children internalise the rules and patterns of the context in which they grow up; Donald Winnicott, who values play as a transitional space between internal and external reality; and Jerome Bruner, who emphasises the narrative and symbolic dimension of play in the learning process. The second chapter is devoted to the placement experience at a kindergarten, where children aged between 3 and 6 years were supervised. This part describes the educational context, the organisation of the school days, the teaching approach observed and the main activities proposed to the children. Emphasis is placed on direct observation of the children's playful behaviour and on the educators' role in encouraging spontaneous expression, cooperation and autonomy through play. In the third chapter, some of the play activities designed and implemented during the placement are analysed in detail. The educational aims of each proposal are described and how they relate to the pedagogical theories examined in the first chapter. Through this theoretical-practical connection, it is highlighted how play is not only a moment of leisure, but a real didactic tool, capable of stimulating learning, socialisation and the development of the child's personal identity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/87750