This thesis aims to examine, through bibliographic research, some functional properties of raw materials used in feeding and dietary integration in Italian poultry farming. Through a survey of the global and national sector, the main production categories, genetic lines and types of breeding are examined in depth, considering the growing economic importance of the sector and the management difficulties in terms of supply chain hygiene, biosecurity and animal welfare. The infrastructures and main systems used in poultry farms are described and standard feeding techniques are reported, in relation to the needs of essential macronutrients in birds. Particular attention is then paid to the additives currently used in animal husbandry such as phytoextracts, essential oils, organic acids, trace elements and various others, with the aim of establishing their possible use as ingredients in specific products in the form of active ingredients capable of modulating the incidence of the main critical issues present in Italian poultry farming. The most common health problems are then analyzed, including gastrointestinal dysbiosis, parasitosis, metabolic disorders, physiological stress and nutritional deficiencies, which can occur in the critical growth phases of the production cycle of the main bred hybrids. The thesis, developed during an internship at Tecnozoo S.p.A., specialized in the production, research and development of products for nutritional supplementation and management of animal deficiencies in farms, also aims to explore the additional properties that certain additives and active compounds may develop when used synergistically. This is done with constant attention to the main current challenges in the poultry sector, such as antibiotic resistance, the ban on growth-promoting substances, feed safety, and the absence of chemical residues in food products. Through this collaboration, it is therefore possible to enhance the value of raw materials— especially those of natural origin, their properties, innovative and pioneering substances, and their potential future applications.
La presente tesi si propone di esaminare, attraverso la ricerca bibliografica, alcune proprietà funzionali di materie prime utilizzate in alimentazione e integrazione della dieta negli allevamenti avicoli italiani. Attraverso un’indagine del settore mondiale e nazionale, vengono approfondite le principali categorie produttive, le linee genetiche e le tipologie di allevamento, considerando l’importanza economica crescente del settore e le difficoltà gestionali in termini di igiene delle filiere, biosicurezza e benessere animale. Vengono descritte le infrastrutture e i principali impianti impiegati negli stabilimenti avicoli e riportate le tecniche standard di alimentazione, in relazione alle esigenze di macronutrienti essenziali nei volatili. Viene poi dedicata particolare attenzione agli additivi che si utilizzano attualmente in zootecnia come ad esempio fitoestratti, oli essenziali, acidi organici, oligominerali e diversi altri, con l’obiettivo di stabilirne l'eventuale impiego come ingredienti in prodotti specifici sottoforma di principi attivi capaci di modulare l’incidenza delle principali criticità presenti nell’avicoltura italiana. Vengono quindi analizzate le problematiche sanitarie più comuni, tra cui disbiosi gastrointestinali, parassitosi, disturbi metabolici, stress fisiologico e carenze nutrizionali, che possono manifestarsi nelle fasi di crescita critiche del ciclo produttivo dei principali ibridi allevati. La tesi, che è stata concepita durante lo svolgimento del tirocinio presso l’azienda Tecnozoo s.p.a., specializzata nella produzione, nella ricerca e nello sviluppo di prodotti per l’integrazione nutrizionale e la gestione delle carenze degli animali negli allevamenti, ha inoltre l’obiettivo di esplorare le proprietà aggiuntive che alcuni additivi e principi attivi sviluppano se utilizzati in sinergia tra di loro, con uno sguardo sempre rivolto alle principali sfide attualmente presenti nel contesto avicolo quali antibiotico- resistenza, divieto di utilizzo di sostanze promotrici della crescita, salubrità dei mangimi e assenza di residui chimici nei prodotti alimentari. Attraverso questa collaborazione è dunque possibile valorizzare le materie prime, soprattutto quelle di origine naturale, le loro proprietà, le sostanze innovative e pioniere con le loro potenziali applicazioni future.
Gestione delle problematiche negli allevamenti avicoli con un approccio sinergico degli additivi
MARTINELLI, BENEDETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to examine, through bibliographic research, some functional properties of raw materials used in feeding and dietary integration in Italian poultry farming. Through a survey of the global and national sector, the main production categories, genetic lines and types of breeding are examined in depth, considering the growing economic importance of the sector and the management difficulties in terms of supply chain hygiene, biosecurity and animal welfare. The infrastructures and main systems used in poultry farms are described and standard feeding techniques are reported, in relation to the needs of essential macronutrients in birds. Particular attention is then paid to the additives currently used in animal husbandry such as phytoextracts, essential oils, organic acids, trace elements and various others, with the aim of establishing their possible use as ingredients in specific products in the form of active ingredients capable of modulating the incidence of the main critical issues present in Italian poultry farming. The most common health problems are then analyzed, including gastrointestinal dysbiosis, parasitosis, metabolic disorders, physiological stress and nutritional deficiencies, which can occur in the critical growth phases of the production cycle of the main bred hybrids. The thesis, developed during an internship at Tecnozoo S.p.A., specialized in the production, research and development of products for nutritional supplementation and management of animal deficiencies in farms, also aims to explore the additional properties that certain additives and active compounds may develop when used synergistically. This is done with constant attention to the main current challenges in the poultry sector, such as antibiotic resistance, the ban on growth-promoting substances, feed safety, and the absence of chemical residues in food products. Through this collaboration, it is therefore possible to enhance the value of raw materials— especially those of natural origin, their properties, innovative and pioneering substances, and their potential future applications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88162