This thesis aims to investigate the effectiveness of refutational videos compared to standard videos in promoting conceptual understanding and metacognitive calibration in upper secondary school students. The research is situated within the theoretical framework of conceptual change and cognitive inhibition, and is based on the assumption that misconceptions – that is, intuitive yet incorrect beliefs – represent an obstacle to scientific learning. However, these misconceptions can become useful cognitive resources if appropriately integrated into a process of conceptual restructuring. The study involved 81 students from three high schools, divided into two groups: one exposed to a refutational video, designed to trigger cognitive conflict and facilitate the overcoming of naïve conceptions, and the other to a standard, expository video. The main variable under analysis was conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of floating, assessed at three different times (pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test). In addition, the accuracy of metacognitive calibration – understood as the correspondence between the subjective judgment of comprehension and actual performance – was examined, along with the role of inhibitory capacity (measured through the Stroop test) as a possible moderator of the effects. The results showed a general improvement in knowledge over time but did not reveal significant differences between the two experimental conditions in terms of conceptual understanding or metacognitive calibration. Furthermore, the moderation analysis did not identify a significant role of inhibitory capacity in modulating the effectiveness of the videos. These results suggest that, although refutational videos represent a promising approach to science learning, their impact may depend on individual or contextual variables that were not considered in this study. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature on conceptual change, and reflections are proposed for future research on refutational videos.
Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare l’efficacia dei video confutazionali rispetto ai video standard nella promozione della comprensione concettuale e della calibrazione metacognitiva in studenti della scuola secondaria di secondo grado. La ricerca si colloca all’interno del quadro teorico del cambiamento concettuale e dell’inibizione cognitiva, e si basa sull’assunto che le misconcezioni, ovvero credenze intuitive erronee, costituiscono un problema per l’apprendimento scientifico. Tuttavia, tali misconcezioni possono diventare risorse cognitive utili, se opportunamente integrate in un percorso di ristrutturazione concettuale. Lo studio ha coinvolto 81 studenti di tre istituti superiori, suddivisi in due gruppi: uno esposto a un video confutazionale, progettato per attivare un conflitto cognitivo e favorire il superamento delle concezioni ingenue, e uno a un video standard, a carattere espositivo. La variabile principale oggetto di analisi è stata la comprensione concettuale del fenomeno del galleggiamento, valutata in tre momenti (pre-test, post-test immediato e post-test differito). È stata inoltre esaminata l’accuratezza della calibrazione metacognitiva, intesa come corrispondenza tra il giudizio soggettivo di comprensione e la prestazione oggettiva, nonché il ruolo della capacità di inibizione (misurata tramite Stroop test) come possibile moderatore degli effetti. I risultati mostrano un miglioramento generale delle conoscenze nel tempo, ma non evidenziano differenze significative tra le due condizioni sperimentali in termini di comprensione concettuale o calibrazione metacognitiva. Inoltre, l’analisi di moderazione non ha rilevato un ruolo significativo della capacità di inibizione nel modulare l’efficacia dei video. Questi risultati suggeriscono che, sebbene i video confutazionali rappresentino un approccio promettente per l’apprendimento scientifico, il loro impatto potrebbe dipendere da variabili individuali o contestuali non considerate in questo studio. Lo studio discute i risultati in relazione alla letteratura sul cambiamento concettuale e propone riflessioni per future ricerche sui video confutazionali.
Comprensione e Meta-Comprensione di un Concetto Scientifico Tramite Video
GAROFANO, ALICE MARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to investigate the effectiveness of refutational videos compared to standard videos in promoting conceptual understanding and metacognitive calibration in upper secondary school students. The research is situated within the theoretical framework of conceptual change and cognitive inhibition, and is based on the assumption that misconceptions – that is, intuitive yet incorrect beliefs – represent an obstacle to scientific learning. However, these misconceptions can become useful cognitive resources if appropriately integrated into a process of conceptual restructuring. The study involved 81 students from three high schools, divided into two groups: one exposed to a refutational video, designed to trigger cognitive conflict and facilitate the overcoming of naïve conceptions, and the other to a standard, expository video. The main variable under analysis was conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of floating, assessed at three different times (pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test). In addition, the accuracy of metacognitive calibration – understood as the correspondence between the subjective judgment of comprehension and actual performance – was examined, along with the role of inhibitory capacity (measured through the Stroop test) as a possible moderator of the effects. The results showed a general improvement in knowledge over time but did not reveal significant differences between the two experimental conditions in terms of conceptual understanding or metacognitive calibration. Furthermore, the moderation analysis did not identify a significant role of inhibitory capacity in modulating the effectiveness of the videos. These results suggest that, although refutational videos represent a promising approach to science learning, their impact may depend on individual or contextual variables that were not considered in this study. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature on conceptual change, and reflections are proposed for future research on refutational videos.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88789