Summer grazing of dairy cows plays a fundamental role in mountain livestock farming, as it maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services. The following thesis analyzes the use of the alpine pasture managed by Malga Bocche in Passo Rolle (Autonomous Province of Trento), characterising the behavior of dairy cows during the alpine grazing period through the application of GPS tracking using collars with GPS sensors, with a 2 minute fix-schedule. For the study, between July 10th and September 4th 2024, twelve Simmental cows were monitored at pasture, seven of which were primiparous, five multiparous. They were divided into two groups and the collar was changed every seven days. The grazing was managed with a continuous grazing system with morning and evening milking in the stable, leading to free pastures after morning milking and leading to a fence following evening milking. The GPS position obtained were analyzed, after excluding positions during milking periods and errors based on movement metrics, to characterize the movements of the cows during the day, also considering the average hourly distance from points of interest such as watering points, watercourses and the barn. Afterwards, the hourly use of the different habitats, the slopes and of the average altitudes was characterized. Furthermore, the data collected by the activometer were analyzed, considering the activity of the three axes X, Y and Z as a function of time, parity and land use. The results obtained did not show significant differences between multiparous and primiparous cows in daily movements. The GPS sensors verified the presence of the night fence since the positions, during the night period, remained almost constant. The thesis confirms the usefulness of GPS sensors for monitoring the activity of dairy cows during the gazing period at mountain pasture, identifying patterns of use of alpine pasture that are strongly dependent on the management of the farmer.
L’alpeggio estivo delle bovine da latte ricopre un ruolo fondamentale nella zootecnia montana, in quanto mantiene la biodiversità e i servizi ecosistemici. La seguente tesi analizza l’uso del pascolo alpino gestito da Malga Bocche in località Passo Rolle nella provincia autonoma di Trento, caratterizzando il comportamento delle vacche da latte durante il periodo dell’alpeggio attraverso l’applicazione di GPS tracking utilizzando collari muniti di sensori GPS, con un fix-schedule di 2 minuti. Per lo studio sono state monitorate 12 vacche Pezzate Rosse al pascolo, di cui 7 primipare e 5 pluripare, tra il 10 luglio e il 4 settembre 2024, sono state divise in due gruppi e il cambio del collare avveniva ogni 7 giorni. Il pascolo è stato gestito con un sistema di pascolo continuo con mungitura mattutina e serale in stalla, conduzione verso pascoli liberi dopo la mungitura mattutina e conduzione in un recinto al seguito della mungitura serale. Le posizioni GPS ottenute sono state analizzate, post esclusione delle posizioni durante i periodi di mungitura e degli errori sulla base delle metriche di movimento, per caratterizzare gli spostamenti delle bovine durante l’arco della giornata, considerando anche la distanza media oraria dai punti di interesse come i punti di abbeverata, i corsi d’acqua e la stalla. Successivamente, è stato caratterizzato l’uso orario dei diversi habitat presenti, delle pendenze e delle altitudini medie. Inoltre, sono stati analizzati i dati raccolti dall’attivometro, considerando l’attività dei tre assi X, Y e Z in funzione dell’ora, della parity e dell’uso suolo. Dai risultati ottenuti non sono emerse significative differenze tra multipare e primipare negli spostamenti giornalieri. I sensori GPS hanno verificato la presenza del recinto della notte in quanto le posizioni, durante il periodo notturno, rimanevano pressoché costanti. La tesi ha permesso di confermare l’utilità dei sensori GPS per il monitoraggio dell’attività delle vacche da latte durante l’alpeggio, identificando patterns di utilizzo dei pascoli alpini fortemente dipendenti dalla gestione dell’allevatore.
Monitoraggio dell'utilizzo di pascoli alpini da parte di bovini da latte tramite GPS tracking: caso studio Malga Bocche
GOTTARDI, ERIKA
2024/2025
Abstract
Summer grazing of dairy cows plays a fundamental role in mountain livestock farming, as it maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services. The following thesis analyzes the use of the alpine pasture managed by Malga Bocche in Passo Rolle (Autonomous Province of Trento), characterising the behavior of dairy cows during the alpine grazing period through the application of GPS tracking using collars with GPS sensors, with a 2 minute fix-schedule. For the study, between July 10th and September 4th 2024, twelve Simmental cows were monitored at pasture, seven of which were primiparous, five multiparous. They were divided into two groups and the collar was changed every seven days. The grazing was managed with a continuous grazing system with morning and evening milking in the stable, leading to free pastures after morning milking and leading to a fence following evening milking. The GPS position obtained were analyzed, after excluding positions during milking periods and errors based on movement metrics, to characterize the movements of the cows during the day, also considering the average hourly distance from points of interest such as watering points, watercourses and the barn. Afterwards, the hourly use of the different habitats, the slopes and of the average altitudes was characterized. Furthermore, the data collected by the activometer were analyzed, considering the activity of the three axes X, Y and Z as a function of time, parity and land use. The results obtained did not show significant differences between multiparous and primiparous cows in daily movements. The GPS sensors verified the presence of the night fence since the positions, during the night period, remained almost constant. The thesis confirms the usefulness of GPS sensors for monitoring the activity of dairy cows during the gazing period at mountain pasture, identifying patterns of use of alpine pasture that are strongly dependent on the management of the farmer.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/88983