GPR150 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), its physiological ligand is therefore unknown. It belongs to the class A rhodopsin-like family of GPCRs, in particular to the vasopressin-like subfamily. It is mainly expressed in the brain and in the reproductive system, but these may not be the only sites where this receptor is found. Its direct involvement in any pathology is yet unknown, although the silencing of its gene is associated with the progression of ovarian cancer. The aim of this research is to pharmacologically describe GPR150 to find out which pathways characterize its signaling, in order to gain a more thorough understanding of which physiological and potentially pathological processes it may be involved in. Previous phylogenetic analysis linked this orphan receptor to the family of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, based on homology of their most evolutionarily conserved sequences, which are crucial to their functioning. Based on this evidence, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays were performed to investigate the activation of the receptor upon stimulation with vasopressin, oxytocin and peptides from different plant libraries. G proteins - Gs, Gi and Gq - and β-arrestin2 were analyzed as potential effectors of the signaling of GPR150, however neither G protein dissociation nor β-arrestin recruitment were detected upon ligand stimulation. All assays were carried out after molecular cloning of GPR150 sequence in the pEGFP-N1 plasmid, followed by transfection and transient expression of the cloned plasmid in HEK cells. Previous research showed that GPR150 might be constitutively active in the Gi pathway, this hypothesis was therefore explored in this project by performing luciferase reporter gene assays. Results suggested compatibility with previous findings, showing in fact higher luminescence signal in cells treated both with forskolin (which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, regardless of Gi activation) and pertussis toxin (which inhibits Gi protein), compared to cells only treated with forskolin. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that GPR150 might be intrinsically active, however further research is needed to define the molecular mechanisms that regulate its activity and that determine its physio-pathological role in living organisms.
GPR150 è un recettore orfano accoppiato a proteine G (GPCR), il suo ligando fisiologico è perciò ancora sconosciuto. Appartiene alle classe A di GPCR simili alla rodopsina, in particolare alla sottofamiglia di recettori simili al recettore della vasopressina. È principalmente espresso nelle cellule del cervello e del sistema riproduttivo, tuttavia questi potrebbero non essere gli unici siti di espressione di questo recettore. Il suo coinvolgimento diretto in meccanismi patologici è ancora sconosciuto, sebbene la silenziazione del suo gene sia associata alla progressione del cancro ovarico. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è la caratterizzazione farmacologica del recettore GPR150 per scoprire quali vie di segnalazione sono coinvolte nella sua attivazione, al fine di comprendere più a fondo i processi fisiologici e potenzialmente patologici in cui potrebbe essere coinvolto. Studi filogenetici hanno collegato questo recettore orfano alla famiglia dei recettori della vasopressina e dell’ossitocina, sulla base dell’omologia di sequenza nei siti più conservati, cruciali per il loro funzionamento. In virtù di queste evidenze sono stati eseguiti saggi basati sul trasferimento di energia per risonanza di bioluminescenza, in modo da testare l’attivazione del recettore in seguito a stimolazione con vasopressina, ossitocina e librerie di peptidi derivati da estratti vegetali. Le proteine G - Gs, Gi, Gq - e la β-arrestina2 sono state analizzate come potenziali effettrici della segnalazione del recettore GPR150, tuttavia non è stata rilevata alcuna attività significativa. Tutti i test sono stati effettuati grazie al clonaggio della sequenza GPR150 nel plasmide pEGFP-N1, seguita dalla sua trasfezione ed espressione transiente in cellule HEK. Ricerche precedenti hanno evidenziato come GPR150 potrebbe essere costitutivamente attivo nella via di segnalazione accopiata alla proteina Gi, tale ipotesi è stata quindi approfondita tramite saggi con il gene reporter della luciferasi. I risultati sono in accordo con le precedenti evidenze, infatti il segnale di luminescenza prodotto dalle cellule trattate con forskolina (che attiva l’adenilato ciclasi indipendentemente dall’attività delle proteine G) e con la tossina della pertosse (che inibisce la proteina Gi) era più intenso rispetto al segnale prodotto dalle cellule trattate solo con forskolina. Queste osservazioni rinforzano l’ipotesi che GPR150 sia intrinsecamente attivo, tuttavia è necessaria ulteriore ricerca per definire i meccanismi molecolari che ne regolano l’attività e per stabilire il suo ruolo fisiopatologico negli organismi viventi.
Pharmacological Characterization of the Orphan Receptor GPR150
POZZEBON, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
GPR150 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), its physiological ligand is therefore unknown. It belongs to the class A rhodopsin-like family of GPCRs, in particular to the vasopressin-like subfamily. It is mainly expressed in the brain and in the reproductive system, but these may not be the only sites where this receptor is found. Its direct involvement in any pathology is yet unknown, although the silencing of its gene is associated with the progression of ovarian cancer. The aim of this research is to pharmacologically describe GPR150 to find out which pathways characterize its signaling, in order to gain a more thorough understanding of which physiological and potentially pathological processes it may be involved in. Previous phylogenetic analysis linked this orphan receptor to the family of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, based on homology of their most evolutionarily conserved sequences, which are crucial to their functioning. Based on this evidence, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays were performed to investigate the activation of the receptor upon stimulation with vasopressin, oxytocin and peptides from different plant libraries. G proteins - Gs, Gi and Gq - and β-arrestin2 were analyzed as potential effectors of the signaling of GPR150, however neither G protein dissociation nor β-arrestin recruitment were detected upon ligand stimulation. All assays were carried out after molecular cloning of GPR150 sequence in the pEGFP-N1 plasmid, followed by transfection and transient expression of the cloned plasmid in HEK cells. Previous research showed that GPR150 might be constitutively active in the Gi pathway, this hypothesis was therefore explored in this project by performing luciferase reporter gene assays. Results suggested compatibility with previous findings, showing in fact higher luminescence signal in cells treated both with forskolin (which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, regardless of Gi activation) and pertussis toxin (which inhibits Gi protein), compared to cells only treated with forskolin. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that GPR150 might be intrinsically active, however further research is needed to define the molecular mechanisms that regulate its activity and that determine its physio-pathological role in living organisms.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/89860