The Impact of Early Digital Media Exposure During Sensitive Periods: Understanding Virtual Autism and Exploring Developmentally Supportive Alternatives

This thesis examines the effects of early digital media exposure on infant and toddler development, with a focus on the emergence of autism-like behaviors during sensitive periods of brain maturation. As screen use becomes increasingly common in early childhood, concerns have grown about its potential to interfere with key developmental processes, especially when it displaces vital face-to-face interactions. A pattern known as “virtual autism” has been observed in some children, characterized by reduced eye contact, language delays, and social disengagement. These behaviors may mimic those seen in autism spectrum disorder but appear to be environmentally influenced and, in many cases, reversible when screen exposure is reduced and replaced with rich, interactive caregiving. Drawing on clinical reports, developmental theory, and emerging empirical studies, the thesis explores how early media use may shape neurodevelopmental trajectories. Importantly, this work does not seek to criticize parents or portray screens as inherently harmful. It recognizes that digital media has become an inescapable part of modern life and that caregivers often rely on screens as practical tools in demanding environments. Instead, the aim is to support informed, compassionate decision-making through balanced, evidence-based guidance. The thesis also identifies key resilience factors that may buffer children from the negative effects of early screen exposure and outlines priorities for future research into supportive, developmentally appropriate digital engagement.