The present study investigates the relationship between semantic gradient and cognitive interference within the Picture–Word Stroop Task (PWST). Previous literature has reported conflicting results: depending on the degree of semantic similarity between target stimulus and distractor, some studies have highlighted facilitation effects, while others have shown inhibition effects. To address this inconsistency, an online experiment based on the PWST paradigm was designed. Using statistical tests (repeated-measures ANOVA), participants’ response times were analyzed under three conditions: congruent, low semantic similarity, and high semantic similarity. The results revealed a significant increase in response times as semantic proximity increased, supporting competitive models of lexical selection. In particular, the interference effects emerged as gradual: high semantic similarity conditions produced the longest latencies, low similarity conditions produced intermediate latencies, while congruent trials elicited the fastest responses.
Il presente studio indaga la relazione tra gradiente semantico e interferenza cognitiva all’interno del Picture-Word Stroop Task (PWST). La letteratura precedente ha riportato risultati contrastanti: in base al grado di similarità semantica tra stimolo target e distrattore, alcuni studi hanno evidenziato effetti di facilitazione, altri di inibizione. Per affrontare questa incongruenza è stato progettato un esperimento online basato sul paradigma PWST. Attraverso l’utilizzo di test statistici (ANOVA a misure ripetute) sono stati analizzati i tempi di risposta dei partecipanti in tre condizioni: congruente, bassa similarità semantica e alta similarità semantica. I risultati hanno mostrato un incremento significativo dei tempi di risposta al crescere della vicinanza semantica, a supporto dei modelli competitivi di selezione lessicale. In particolare gli effetti di interferenza si sono rivelati graduali: le condizioni ad alta similarità semantica hanno prodotto le latenze maggiori, quelle a bassa similarità latenze intermedie, mentre i trial congruenti hanno evidenziato le risposte più rapide.
Gradiente semantico e interferenza cognitiva: uno studio online sull’effetto Stroop nel paradigma Picture–Word.
EATON, RUSSELL NEIL
2024/2025
Abstract
The present study investigates the relationship between semantic gradient and cognitive interference within the Picture–Word Stroop Task (PWST). Previous literature has reported conflicting results: depending on the degree of semantic similarity between target stimulus and distractor, some studies have highlighted facilitation effects, while others have shown inhibition effects. To address this inconsistency, an online experiment based on the PWST paradigm was designed. Using statistical tests (repeated-measures ANOVA), participants’ response times were analyzed under three conditions: congruent, low semantic similarity, and high semantic similarity. The results revealed a significant increase in response times as semantic proximity increased, supporting competitive models of lexical selection. In particular, the interference effects emerged as gradual: high semantic similarity conditions produced the longest latencies, low similarity conditions produced intermediate latencies, while congruent trials elicited the fastest responses.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91105