Early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a significant clinical condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that impair the emotional, relational, and academic functioning of the child. With an estimated prevalence between 1% and 4% in developmental age and a strong tendency toward chronicity, early intervention based on scientific evidence is essential. This thesis analyzes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), currently considered the first-line treatment for OCD in childhood and adolescence, along with two of its variations: combined treatment (CBT and pharmacotherapy) and intensive treatment (CBT delivered with increased session frequency over a limited period). Literature review shows that CBT is highly effective in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms; combined treatment may provide additional benefits in moderate to severe cases but should be used cautiously; intensive treatment, although less common, shows promising results in terms of speed and maintenance of improvement. Finally, clinical guidelines from several countries (England, United States, India, Italy) are examined, revealing a consensus in recommending CBT while highlighting the need for adaptation according to sociocultural contexts.
Il disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo (DOC) a esordio infantile è una condizione clinica rilevante, caratterizzata da ossessioni e/o compulsioni che compromettono il funzionamento emotivo, relazionale e scolastico del minore. Con una prevalenza stimata tra l’1% e il 4% in età evolutiva e una forte tendenza alla cronicizzazione, risulta necessario un intervento precoce basato su evidenze scientifiche. La presente tesi analizza la terapia cognitivo comportamentale (TCC), attualmente considerata il trattamento di prima scelta per il DOC in infanzia e adolescenza, e due sue declinazioni: il trattamento combinato (TCC e farmacoterapia) e il trattamento intensivo (TCC erogata con una maggiore frequenza di sedute in un tempo limitato). Dalla letteratura emerge che: la TCC risulta altamente efficace nel ridurre i sintomi ossessivo-compulsivi (OC); il trattamento combinato può offrire benefici aggiuntivi nei casi moderati-gravi, ma va usato con cautela; il trattamento intensivo, seppur meno diffuso, mostra risultati promettenti in termini di rapidità e mantenimento dei miglioramenti. Infine, vengono esaminate le linee guida proposte da alcuni contesti nazionali (Inghilterra, Stati Uniti, India, Italia), che convergono nel raccomandare la TCC, pur evidenziando la necessità di adattarla in base al contesto socioculturale.
Trattamento del disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo in infanzia e adolescenza: panoramica delle evidenze empiriche e linee guida internazionali
MAZZUCCHI, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a significant clinical condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that impair the emotional, relational, and academic functioning of the child. With an estimated prevalence between 1% and 4% in developmental age and a strong tendency toward chronicity, early intervention based on scientific evidence is essential. This thesis analyzes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), currently considered the first-line treatment for OCD in childhood and adolescence, along with two of its variations: combined treatment (CBT and pharmacotherapy) and intensive treatment (CBT delivered with increased session frequency over a limited period). Literature review shows that CBT is highly effective in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms; combined treatment may provide additional benefits in moderate to severe cases but should be used cautiously; intensive treatment, although less common, shows promising results in terms of speed and maintenance of improvement. Finally, clinical guidelines from several countries (England, United States, India, Italy) are examined, revealing a consensus in recommending CBT while highlighting the need for adaptation according to sociocultural contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91125