Sustainable Soilless Cultivation of Innovative Vegetables: Effects of Compost Tea on Pak Choi Growth and Quality

Pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis), a widely consumed Asian leafy vegetable, is recognized for its high nutritional value and health-promoting bioactive compounds, including vitamins C and K, glucosinolates, antioxidants, and essential minerals. This thesis explores the influence of cultivation techniques, nutrient sources, and environmental stressors on the growth, physiology, and nutritional quality of Pakchoi under controlled hydroponic conditions. A key focus was the comparison between conventional mineral nutrient solutions and compost tea—both untreated and treated with Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP)—to assess impacts on yield, biomass, pigment content, and antioxidant levels. Furthermore, the study examined the interaction of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with cadmium (Cd) contamination, revealing their potential in enhancing selenium biofortification while mitigating heavy metal uptake in Pakchoi. The research also highlighted the emerging environmental concern of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) contamination in food crops, documenting their uptake, translocation, and metabolomic effects on Pakchoi. Abiotic stress factors such as salinity, drought, and nutrient imbalances were investigated for their influence on plant physiological and biochemical responses. Additionally, the role of key nutrients (N, K, P, and micronutrients) and biostimulants such as Calbio in enhancing stress tolerance and nutritional profiles was analyzed. Results underscore the importance of sustainable practices, such as optimized compost use and alternative cultivation systems like vertical farming and hydroponics, to improve crop quality, food safety, and environmental resilience. This study contributes to the broader understanding of sustainable leafy vegetable production and offers practical insights for improving the nutritional and commercial value of Pakchoi through ecological intensification and smart agronomic strategies.