In recent decades, consumers have renewed interest in natural dietary sources with both good nutritional and medicinal properties; donkey and mare's milk have therefore been appreciated as a natural alternative to breast milk for the nutrition of infants suffering from CMA (cow's milk allergy), neurodermatitis, allergies, and similar disorders who wish to improve their quality of life. Raw horse and donkey milk and its fermented derivatives are considered useful in preventing atherosclerosis (Chiofalo, Drogoul, and Salimei, 2006a) and increase the immune response of healthy elderly consumers (Amati et al., 2010). Furthermore, donkey whey proteins have been observed to exert antiproliferative and antitumor activity in vitro (Mao et al., 2009) (Salimei and Fantuz, 2012). Horse milk has been the subject of heated debate in recent decades, but no scientific studies have been conducted to support its use based on scientific research (Potočnik et al., 2011). With this study, we aimed to evaluate the hygienic, sanitary, and microbiological characteristics of raw donkey and mare milk and assess whether current regulations were adequate. We also searched for the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli O157, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. and compared our results with the available scientific literature. Analysis of the total mesophilic microbial count and the total Enterobacteriaceae microbial count revealed values well below the legal limits and acceptable for marketing. The absence of pathogenic microorganisms and the good microbiological quality of the horse milk suggest that this product is suitable for consumption. However, the presence of a self agglutinating strain found during the E. coli O157 test and three unidentified strains found using the O.B.I.S. campy method suggest the need for further analysis, including more advanced technologies, and for this product to be consumed after boiling or pasteurization.
Negli ultimi decenni il consumatore ha ritrovato l’interesse verso fonti dietetiche naturali aventi sia delle buone proprietà nutrizionali, sia delle proprietà mediche; il latte di asina e di cavalla sono stati dunque apprezzati come alternativa naturale al latte materno per la nutrizione dei neonati affetti da CMA (allergia al latte vaccino), neurodermite, allergie e disturbi simili che desiderano migliorare la qualità della vita. Il latte crudo di cavallo e d'asina e i suoi derivati fermentati sono considerati utili nella prevenzione dell'aterosclerosi (Chiofalo, Drogoul e Salimei, 2006a), aumentano la risposta immunitaria dei consumatori anziani sani (Amati et al., 2010), inoltre, è stato osservato che le proteine del siero di latte d'asina esercitano in vitro attività antiproliferativa e antitumorale (Mao et al., 2009) (Salimei e Fantuz, 2012). Il latte equino è stato oggetto di accesi dibattiti negli ultimi decenni, ma non sono stati condotti studi scientifici che ne suggerissero l'utilizzo sulla base di ricerche scientifiche (Potočnik et al., 2011). Con questo studio abbiamo voluto valutare le caratteristiche igienico-sanitarie e microbiologiche del latte crudo di asina e di cavalla e valutare se le normative attuali fossero adeguate. Abbiamo inoltre ricercato la presenza dei microrganismi potenzialmente patogeni Escherichia coli O157, Campylobacter spp. e Salmonella spp. e confrontato i nostri risultati con la letteratura scientifica disponibile. Dall’analisi della carica microbica totale mesofila e della carica microbica totale delle Enterobacteriaceae abbiamo potuto riscontrare valori molto al di sotto dei limiti di legge ed accettabili per l’immissione al commercio; l’assenza di microrganismi patogeni e la buona qualità microbiologica del latte equino fanno pensare che questo prodotto sia adatto al consumo, tuttavia la presenza di un ceppo autoagglutinante rinvenuto durante la ricerca di E. coli O157 e di tre ceppi non identificati ritrovati con la metodica O.B.I.S. campy consigliano la necessità di eseguire ulteriori analisi avvalendosi anche di tecnologie più avanzate e di consumare questo prodotto previa bollitura o pastorizzazione.
Caratteristiche igienico-sanitarie nel latte crudo di cavalla e di asina
GUERCIOLI, ELEONORA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, consumers have renewed interest in natural dietary sources with both good nutritional and medicinal properties; donkey and mare's milk have therefore been appreciated as a natural alternative to breast milk for the nutrition of infants suffering from CMA (cow's milk allergy), neurodermatitis, allergies, and similar disorders who wish to improve their quality of life. Raw horse and donkey milk and its fermented derivatives are considered useful in preventing atherosclerosis (Chiofalo, Drogoul, and Salimei, 2006a) and increase the immune response of healthy elderly consumers (Amati et al., 2010). Furthermore, donkey whey proteins have been observed to exert antiproliferative and antitumor activity in vitro (Mao et al., 2009) (Salimei and Fantuz, 2012). Horse milk has been the subject of heated debate in recent decades, but no scientific studies have been conducted to support its use based on scientific research (Potočnik et al., 2011). With this study, we aimed to evaluate the hygienic, sanitary, and microbiological characteristics of raw donkey and mare milk and assess whether current regulations were adequate. We also searched for the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli O157, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. and compared our results with the available scientific literature. Analysis of the total mesophilic microbial count and the total Enterobacteriaceae microbial count revealed values well below the legal limits and acceptable for marketing. The absence of pathogenic microorganisms and the good microbiological quality of the horse milk suggest that this product is suitable for consumption. However, the presence of a self agglutinating strain found during the E. coli O157 test and three unidentified strains found using the O.B.I.S. campy method suggest the need for further analysis, including more advanced technologies, and for this product to be consumed after boiling or pasteurization.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91597