Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs), also known as pet therapy, have been increasingly used as an alternative and complementary therapeutic method. These interventions offer significant psychological, cognitive, and social-emotional benefits, including stress/anxiety reduction, promoting relaxation, and positive physical health outcomes. However, dogs can transmit zoonotic diseases during the intervention or be infected, considering most participants in AAIs are people of advanced age, young individuals with psychological or physical disabilities, and hospitalized patients. Many of them have potentially compromised, inefficient immune systems that expose them to a higher risk of infection, the same concern for therapy animals. This work recruited 115 dogs involved in AAIs from Italy, focusing on implementing parasitological controls through traditional laboratory methods and a structured questionnaire to evaluate the actual health status of clinically healthy dogs, and to investigate their roles as parasite carriers. The results show an overall prevalence of zoonotic parasites of 16/115 (13.9%). The most detected pathogen agent was Giardia duodenalis 13/115 (11.3%), followed by Ancylostoma caninum 2/115 (1.7%) and Toxocara canis 1/115 (0.9%). Several behavioral and management factors that may contribute to the disease transmission were identified, which include coprophagy (38.3%), access to standing water (20%), consumption of risky diets (30.4%), frequent visits to dog parks (32.2%) and sylvatic environments (56%). Furthermore, although most owners regularly removed feces (65.2%), the remaining owners still raise concerns. By cross-referencing laboratory data with questionnaire data, over 70% of the beneficiaries were vulnerable individuals, and over 90% of the interventions involved close contact with dogs. These results highlight the need for preventive strategies, hygiene protocols, and organized sanitary screening and management protocols based on risk factors for animals during AAIs to reduce zoonotic risk and guarantee the efficacy of AAIs.
Gli interventi assistiti con gli animali (IAA), conosciuti come pet therapy, sono sempre più utilizzati come approccio terapeutico complementare e alternativo. Queste attività apportano benefici significativi a livello psicologico, cognitivo e socio-emotivo, aiutando nella riduzione dello stress e dell'ansia, promuovendo il rilassamento e contribuendo anche al benessere fisico. Tuttavia, è importante da notare che durante questi interventi i cani potrebbero trasmettere malattie zoonotiche oppure essere infetti, considerando che la maggior parte dei partecipanti agli IAA sono spesso persone anziane, giovani con disabilità fisiche o psicologiche, o pazienti ricoverati. Molti di loro hanno un sistema immunitario compromesso, che li rende più suscettibili alle malattie e li espone a un rischio di infezione maggiore, stessa cosa anche per gli animali coinvolti. Questo studio ha coinvolto 115 cani impiegati in IAA in Italia, con l'obiettivo di effettuare controlli parassitologici attraverso metodi di laboratorio tradizionali e un questionario dettagliato. Lo scopo è quella di valutare lo stato di salute reale di cani clinicamente sani e investigare il loro ruolo come eventuali portatori di parassiti. Dai risultati si può notare una prevalenza complessiva di parassiti zoonotici di 16/115(13.9%). L'agente patogeno più rilevato è stato Giardia duodenalis 13/115 (11,3%), seguito da Ancylostoma caninum 2/115 (1,7%) e Toxocara canis (0,9%). Sono stati inoltre identificati diversi fattori legati alla gestione e al comportamento che possono facilitare la trasmissione di malattie, come l'abitudine alla coprofagia (38,3%), l'accesso ad acqua stagnante (20%), una dieta potenzialmente a rischio (30,4%) e le frequenti visite in parchi per cani (32,2%) o in ambienti boschivi (56%). Anche se la maggior parte dei proprietari (65,2%) raccoglieva regolarmente gli escrementi, le abitudini dei proprietari rimasti portano comunque preoccupazione. Incrociando i dati di laboratorio con quelli dei questionari, è risultato che oltre il 70% dei beneficiari erano persone vulnerabili e che in più del 90% degli interventi era previsto un contatto molto stretto con i cani. Questi risultati sottolineano l'importanza di definire strategie preventive, protocolli igienici rigorosi e piani di screening sanitario basati sui fattori di rischio specifici per gli animali coinvolti negli IAA. L'obiettivo finale è ridurre il rischio zoonotico e garantire l'efficacia degli interventi assistiti.
Controlli parassitologici in cani coinvolti in Interventi Assistiti con gli Animali (IAA)
HU, XUEQI
2024/2025
Abstract
Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs), also known as pet therapy, have been increasingly used as an alternative and complementary therapeutic method. These interventions offer significant psychological, cognitive, and social-emotional benefits, including stress/anxiety reduction, promoting relaxation, and positive physical health outcomes. However, dogs can transmit zoonotic diseases during the intervention or be infected, considering most participants in AAIs are people of advanced age, young individuals with psychological or physical disabilities, and hospitalized patients. Many of them have potentially compromised, inefficient immune systems that expose them to a higher risk of infection, the same concern for therapy animals. This work recruited 115 dogs involved in AAIs from Italy, focusing on implementing parasitological controls through traditional laboratory methods and a structured questionnaire to evaluate the actual health status of clinically healthy dogs, and to investigate their roles as parasite carriers. The results show an overall prevalence of zoonotic parasites of 16/115 (13.9%). The most detected pathogen agent was Giardia duodenalis 13/115 (11.3%), followed by Ancylostoma caninum 2/115 (1.7%) and Toxocara canis 1/115 (0.9%). Several behavioral and management factors that may contribute to the disease transmission were identified, which include coprophagy (38.3%), access to standing water (20%), consumption of risky diets (30.4%), frequent visits to dog parks (32.2%) and sylvatic environments (56%). Furthermore, although most owners regularly removed feces (65.2%), the remaining owners still raise concerns. By cross-referencing laboratory data with questionnaire data, over 70% of the beneficiaries were vulnerable individuals, and over 90% of the interventions involved close contact with dogs. These results highlight the need for preventive strategies, hygiene protocols, and organized sanitary screening and management protocols based on risk factors for animals during AAIs to reduce zoonotic risk and guarantee the efficacy of AAIs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93861