Hoof disorders are among the leading causes of reduced welfare and productivity in dairy cows, with major economic consequences and implications for farm sustainability. This thesis is structured in several sections: it first examines the anatomy and biomechanics of the bovine foot, highlighting the structural and functional features that influence weight distribution and susceptibility to lesions. It then provides a classification of the main hoof pathologies, distinguishing between infectious (digital dermatitis, interdigital dermatitis, foot rot), non-infectious (laminitis, sole ulcer, white line disease, double sole, interdigital hyperplasia) and traumatic lesions, discussing their epidemiology as well as differences across breeds, ages, and housing systems. Considerable attention is given to predisposing factors, including genetic, nutritional, environmental, and management aspects, which interact synergistically in the onset of hoof diseases. Finally, the thesis explores preventive and management strategies, such as functional hoof trimming, footbaths, professional hoof care, and innovative monitoring technologies, while also assessing their economic implications. The overall analysis highlights how an integrated approach - based on prevention, early detection, and proper management - is essential to reduce the prevalence of hoof disorders, enhance dairy cows’ longevity and fertility, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of modern dairy farming.
Le patologie podali rappresentano una delle principali cause di riduzione del benessere e della produttività nelle bovine da latte, incidendo in maniera significativa sui costi aziendali e sulla sostenibilità degli allevamenti. Questa tesi si articola in più sezioni: dapprima viene analizzata l’anatomia e la biomeccanica del piede bovino, evidenziandone le peculiarità strutturali e funzionali che influenzano la distribuzione dei carichi e la suscettibilità alle lesioni. Successivamente si propone una classificazione delle principali affezioni podali, suddivise in patologie infettive (dermatite digitale, dermatite interdigitale, flemmone), non infettive (laminite, ulcera soleare, malattia della linea bianca, doppia suola, tiloma) e traumatiche, mettendo in luce la loro incidenza epidemiologica e le differenze tra razze, età e sistemi di allevamento. Ampio spazio è dedicato all’analisi dei fattori predisponenti, che comprendono elementi genetici, nutrizionali, ambientali e gestionali, i quali concorrono in maniera sinergica allo sviluppo delle patologie. Infine, vengono descritte le principali strategie preventive e di gestione, dal pareggiamento funzionale all’impiego di bagni podali, fino all’adozione di tecniche innovative di monitoraggio precoce, valutandone l’efficacia anche in termini economici. Dall’analisi complessiva emerge come un approccio integrato, basato su prevenzione, monitoraggio e corretta gestione, rappresenti la chiave per ridurre l’incidenza delle patologie podali, migliorare la longevità e la fertilità delle bovine e garantire l’efficienza produttiva degli allevamenti da latte.
Patologie podali nella bovina da latte: incidenza, cause e strategie di gestione
ALZIATI, BRYAN
2024/2025
Abstract
Hoof disorders are among the leading causes of reduced welfare and productivity in dairy cows, with major economic consequences and implications for farm sustainability. This thesis is structured in several sections: it first examines the anatomy and biomechanics of the bovine foot, highlighting the structural and functional features that influence weight distribution and susceptibility to lesions. It then provides a classification of the main hoof pathologies, distinguishing between infectious (digital dermatitis, interdigital dermatitis, foot rot), non-infectious (laminitis, sole ulcer, white line disease, double sole, interdigital hyperplasia) and traumatic lesions, discussing their epidemiology as well as differences across breeds, ages, and housing systems. Considerable attention is given to predisposing factors, including genetic, nutritional, environmental, and management aspects, which interact synergistically in the onset of hoof diseases. Finally, the thesis explores preventive and management strategies, such as functional hoof trimming, footbaths, professional hoof care, and innovative monitoring technologies, while also assessing their economic implications. The overall analysis highlights how an integrated approach - based on prevention, early detection, and proper management - is essential to reduce the prevalence of hoof disorders, enhance dairy cows’ longevity and fertility, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of modern dairy farming.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93866