Solanum tuberosum is cultivated worldwide and in some countries provides the staple diet for millions of people. In addition to being a key resource for food security, potatoes fuel important industrial chains, such as the potato chip and potato crisp industry, and are used as a raw material for starch extraction for bioplastics. Potato late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the most serious disease globally. This disease, in addition to having caused major famines in the past, such as the Irish famine of the 19th century, continues to cause billions of dollars in losses today. The pathogen's success is due to its ability to secrete hundreds of effectors proteins that manipulate and suppress the plant's defense systems. The characterization of these effectors has been one of the most significant discoveries in the study of plant-pathogen interactions in the last twenty years. It has provided new insights into monitoring P. infestans populations and has paved the way for breeding and genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing potato resistance to late blight.
Solanum tuberosum è coltivata in tutto il mondo e in alcuni paesi costituisce la base dell’alimentazione per milioni di persone. Oltre a rappresentare una risorsa fondamentale per la sicurezza alimentare, la patata alimenta importanti filiere industriali, come quella dei chips e delle patatine fritte, ed è utilizzata come materia prima per l’estrazione di amido destinato all’ottenimento di bioplastiche. La peronospora della patata causata dall’oomicete Phytophthora infestans rappresenta la malattia più grave a livello globale. Questa malattia oltre ad aver procurato importanti carestie in passato, come quella irlandese dell’Ottocento, continua ancora oggi a causare perdite per miliardi di dollari. Il successo del patogeno è dovuto alla sua capacità di secernere centinaia di proteine effettrici che manipolano e sopprimono i sistemi di difesa della pianta. La caratterizzazione di questi effettori è stata una delle scoperte più significative nello studio delle interazioni pianta–patogeno degli ultimi vent’anni. Essa ha fornito nuove prospettive per il monitoraggio delle popolazioni di P. infestans e ha aperto la strada a strategie di miglioramento genetico e ingegneria genetica finalizzate ad aumentare la resistenza della patata alla peronospora.
Scoperta e ruolo degli effettori di Phytophthora infestans nell'interazione con Solanum tuberosum
BOLDRIN, DANIEL
2024/2025
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum is cultivated worldwide and in some countries provides the staple diet for millions of people. In addition to being a key resource for food security, potatoes fuel important industrial chains, such as the potato chip and potato crisp industry, and are used as a raw material for starch extraction for bioplastics. Potato late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the most serious disease globally. This disease, in addition to having caused major famines in the past, such as the Irish famine of the 19th century, continues to cause billions of dollars in losses today. The pathogen's success is due to its ability to secrete hundreds of effectors proteins that manipulate and suppress the plant's defense systems. The characterization of these effectors has been one of the most significant discoveries in the study of plant-pathogen interactions in the last twenty years. It has provided new insights into monitoring P. infestans populations and has paved the way for breeding and genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing potato resistance to late blight.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93882