The growing attention and awareness towards the environmental and ecological risks resulting from the improper use of plant protection products has led to the adoption of increasingly strict policies, oriented towards more sustainable agronomic practices. Nevertheless, plant protection products still represent one of the most effective tools in the fight against phytopathogens that compromise agricultural crops globally. It is therefore essential to invest in the development of technologies and methodologies that allow their more sustainable use, with reduced impact on humans and the environment. One of the main aspects currently being addressed by research is drift reduction, namely the phenomenon by which part of the plant protection product is dispersed into areas not targeted by the treatment. The aim of this work was to compare three different methodologies for analyzing the droplet population sprayed by sprayer machines, to identify which one is most suitable for monitoring the spraying process and, consequently, the drift phenomenon. The three methods analyzed were: water-sensitive papers, tracer dye and optical camera. The comparison was carried out by monitoring the spray generated by a nozzle mounted on a sprayer boom specifically built for this experiment, applying each of the three techniques to it. The results obtained in the laboratory were then directly compared with the aim of assessing whether the different methodologies provided comparable data. The following parameters were specifically analyzed: percentage of coverage, droplet density (drops/cm2), volume median diameter and spray volume (μL/cm2). The comparison showed that none of the three methodologies was absolutely superior in monitoring all the parameters considered. On the contrary, each technique proved to be particularly effective in analyzing specific aspects of the phenomenon. From the perspective of a comprehensive monitoring of a sprayer machine’s performance it is therefore advantageous to adopt an integrated approach combining all three methodologies. This would allow for a more accurate and complete evaluation of spraying effectiveness to reduce its environmental impact.
La crescente attenzione e consapevolezza verso i rischi ambientali ed ecologici derivanti da un uso scorretto dei prodotti fitosanitari ha portato all’adozione di politiche sempre più stringenti, orientate verso pratiche agronomiche più sostenibili. Nonostante ciò, i fitosanitari rappresentano tutt’oggi uno degli strumenti più efficaci nella lotta contro i fitopatogeni che compromettono le coltivazioni agrarie a livello globale. Risulta quindi fondamentale investire nello sviluppo di tecnologie e metodologie che ne permettano un impiego più sostenibile e meno impattante su uomo e ambiente. Uno degli aspetti su cui la ricerca si sta maggiormente concentrando è il contenimento della deriva, ovvero il fenomeno per cui una parte del prodotto fitosanitario si disperde in aree non interessate dal trattamento. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato confrontare tre diverse metodologie di analisi della popolazione di gocce irrorate da macchine irroratrici, al fine di individuare quale fosse la più adatta al monitoraggio dell’irrorazione e, conseguentemente, alla valutazione del fenomeno della deriva. Le tre metodologie analizzate sono state: cartine idrosensibili, tracciante colorato e telecamera ottica. Il confronto è stato condotto monitorando lo spray generato da un ugello montato su una barra irroratrice appositamente realizzata per l’esperimento, applicando ciascuna delle tre tecniche ad esso. I risultati ottenuti in laboratorio sono stati poi messi a confronto diretto con l’obiettivo di valutare se le diverse metodologie fornissero dati comparabili. Sono stati analizzati, in particolare, i seguenti parametri: copertura percentuale, densità di gocce (gocce/cm2), diametro mediano volumetrico e volume di irrorazione (μL/cm2). Dal confronto è emerso che nessuna delle tre metodologie risulta superiore in modo assoluto nel monitoraggio di tutti i parametri considerati. Al contrario, ciascuna tecnica si è dimostrata particolarmente efficace nell’analisi di specifici aspetti del fenomeno. In un’ottica di monitoraggio completo del funzionamento di una macchina irroratrice risulta pertanto vantaggioso adottare un approccio integrato che combini tutte e tre le metodologie. Questo permetterebbe una valutazione più accurata e complessiva dell’efficacia dell’irrorazione al fine di ridurre il suo impatto ambientale.
Confronto tra cartine idrosensibili, traccianti e misurazione ottica per la caratterizzazione della popolazione di gocce
MACCAGNAN, MIRCO
2024/2025
Abstract
The growing attention and awareness towards the environmental and ecological risks resulting from the improper use of plant protection products has led to the adoption of increasingly strict policies, oriented towards more sustainable agronomic practices. Nevertheless, plant protection products still represent one of the most effective tools in the fight against phytopathogens that compromise agricultural crops globally. It is therefore essential to invest in the development of technologies and methodologies that allow their more sustainable use, with reduced impact on humans and the environment. One of the main aspects currently being addressed by research is drift reduction, namely the phenomenon by which part of the plant protection product is dispersed into areas not targeted by the treatment. The aim of this work was to compare three different methodologies for analyzing the droplet population sprayed by sprayer machines, to identify which one is most suitable for monitoring the spraying process and, consequently, the drift phenomenon. The three methods analyzed were: water-sensitive papers, tracer dye and optical camera. The comparison was carried out by monitoring the spray generated by a nozzle mounted on a sprayer boom specifically built for this experiment, applying each of the three techniques to it. The results obtained in the laboratory were then directly compared with the aim of assessing whether the different methodologies provided comparable data. The following parameters were specifically analyzed: percentage of coverage, droplet density (drops/cm2), volume median diameter and spray volume (μL/cm2). The comparison showed that none of the three methodologies was absolutely superior in monitoring all the parameters considered. On the contrary, each technique proved to be particularly effective in analyzing specific aspects of the phenomenon. From the perspective of a comprehensive monitoring of a sprayer machine’s performance it is therefore advantageous to adopt an integrated approach combining all three methodologies. This would allow for a more accurate and complete evaluation of spraying effectiveness to reduce its environmental impact.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93931