This thesis explores the use of molecular modeling techniques in the study of PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras), a new class of therapeutic molecules capable of inducing the selective degradation of target proteins through the formation of ternary complexes with the target itself and an E3 ligase (target-PROTAC-E3 ligase), exploiting the cellular degradation system ubiquitin-proteasome. This approach opens new perspectives for targeting proteins previously considered undruggable, broadening the drug discovery landscape. Using in silico approaches, this work tests several protocols dedicated to predicting the three-dimensional structure of ternary target-PROTAC-ligase complexes. Posing techniques and various metrics useful for prioritizing the predicted poses are evaluated. Experimental structures of ligase-PROTAC-protein complexes, available in public databases, will be used for testing and validation of the protocols, which will then be applied predictively to the therapeutic target CK1δ as a case study. CK1δ kinase is involved in numerous signaling pathways, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous degenerative and neoplastic diseases. The many CK1δ inhibitors developed to date have suboptimal pharmaceutical properties, and the use of novel drug discovery approaches may therefore prove a useful avenue in this context. PROTAC degraders of CK1δ have recently been discovered, but the conformation of the ternary complex between the degrader, the kinase, and the ligase has not yet been experimentally reported. The possibility of suggesting plausible structures of the binary CK1δ-ligase complex and its subsequent use to predict hypothetical binding modes of active PROTACs may provide the starting point for further optimization of this class of compounds and for the design of new PROTACs based on previously developed CK1δ inhibitors.
La presente tesi esplora l’impiego di tecniche di modellistica molecolare nello studio di PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera), una nuova classe di molecole terapeutiche in grado di indurre la degradazione selettiva di proteine bersaglio, attraverso la formazione di complessi ternari con il target stesso e E3 ligasi (target - PROTAC - E3 ligasi), sfruttando il sistema di degradazione cellulare ubiquitinaproteasoma. Questo approccio apre nuove prospettive per colpire proteine precedentemente considerate undruggable, ampliando il panorama del drug discovery. Tramite approcci in silico, in questo lavoro vengono testati alcuni protocolli dedicati alla predizione della struttura tridimensionale di complessi ternari target - PROTAC - ligasi. Vengono qui valutate tecniche di posing e diverse metriche utili alla prioritizzazione delle pose predette. Strutture sperimentali di complessi tra ligasi, PROTAC e proteine, disponibili in database pubblici, verranno utilizzate per la fase di test e validazione dei protocolli, che verranno poi applicati in maniera predittiva sul target terapeutico CK1δ come caso di studio. La chinasi CK1δ è implicata in numerose vie del segnale, ed una sua disregolazione è implicata in numerose malattie degenerative e neoplastiche. I molti inibitori di CK1δ finora sviluppati hanno caratteristiche farmaceutiche sub-ottimali e l’utilizzo di nuovi approcci di drug discovery può dunque rivelarsi una strada utile in questo contesto. Sono stati recentemente scoperti dei degradatori PROTAC di CK1δ, ma la conformazione del complesso ternario tra il degradatore, la chinasi e la ligasi non è stata ancora riportata sperimentalmente. La possibilità di suggerire strutture plausibili del complesso binario CK1δ-ligasi e il suo conseguente utilizzo per predire ipotetiche modalità di legame di PROTAC attivi può costituire il punto di partenza per un'ulteriore ottimizzazione di questa classe di composti e per la progettazione di nuovi PROTAC a partire da inibitori di CK1δ precedentemente sviluppati.
Benchmark di protocolli per la predizione di complessi ternari target-PROTAC-ligasi, con potenziale applicazione sulla chinasi CK1δ
JABBOUR, ROGER
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the use of molecular modeling techniques in the study of PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras), a new class of therapeutic molecules capable of inducing the selective degradation of target proteins through the formation of ternary complexes with the target itself and an E3 ligase (target-PROTAC-E3 ligase), exploiting the cellular degradation system ubiquitin-proteasome. This approach opens new perspectives for targeting proteins previously considered undruggable, broadening the drug discovery landscape. Using in silico approaches, this work tests several protocols dedicated to predicting the three-dimensional structure of ternary target-PROTAC-ligase complexes. Posing techniques and various metrics useful for prioritizing the predicted poses are evaluated. Experimental structures of ligase-PROTAC-protein complexes, available in public databases, will be used for testing and validation of the protocols, which will then be applied predictively to the therapeutic target CK1δ as a case study. CK1δ kinase is involved in numerous signaling pathways, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous degenerative and neoplastic diseases. The many CK1δ inhibitors developed to date have suboptimal pharmaceutical properties, and the use of novel drug discovery approaches may therefore prove a useful avenue in this context. PROTAC degraders of CK1δ have recently been discovered, but the conformation of the ternary complex between the degrader, the kinase, and the ligase has not yet been experimentally reported. The possibility of suggesting plausible structures of the binary CK1δ-ligase complex and its subsequent use to predict hypothetical binding modes of active PROTACs may provide the starting point for further optimization of this class of compounds and for the design of new PROTACs based on previously developed CK1δ inhibitors.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94049