Development of Preventive Strategies for Non-Communicable Diseases Informed by AI-Calculated Risk Assessment: a case study at FormMed GmbH

This thesis explores preventive strategies for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) informed by AI-based risk assessment, using a case study at FormMed GmbH. With NCDs accounting for the majority of global deaths and placing immense pressure on healthcare systems, the work aims to synthesize evidencebased interventions in nutrition, physical activity, lifestyle, and micronutrient supplementation that can guide personalized prevention. A structured literature review and secondary data analysis were conducted, prioritizing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and international guidelines. Evidence was summarized for four major NCDs currently assessed by the AI software: cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and dementia. The findings for CVD demonstrate that Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) consistently reduce cardiovascular events, improve lipid profiles, and lower blood pressure. Combined aerobic and resistance training, smoking cessation, and supplementation with B vitamins, magnesium, coenzyme Q10, and polyphenols further lowered cardiovascular risk. In T2DM, calorie restriction, high-fiber and low-glycemic Mediterranean dietary patterns improved weight, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity. Structured exercise, adequate sleep, stress management, and micronutrients such as vitamin D, magnesium, chromium, curcumin, and ginger additionally had positive effects on glycemic control and metabolic health. For CKD, moderate protein intake, reduced sodium consumption and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets slowed renal decline and supported blood pressure control. Furthermore, regular exercise, avoidance of tobacco and excessive alcohol, and micronutrients including vitamin C, quercetin, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids delayed progression. In dementia, the adherence to the MIND dietary patterns was associated with improved cognition and reduced incidence. Physical activity, cognitive and social engagement, adequate sleep, and nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C, D, and E, magnesium, and polyphenols further supported brain health and reduced progression. The findings highlight that NCDs share common pathophysiological drivers such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired insulin signaling, and that interventions targeting these pathways are effective across diseases. Embedding these measures into AI-driven risk prediction and individualized feedback has the potential to translate knowledge into effective behavioral change and clinical practice, thereby supporting practitioners in reducing the growing burden of NCDs.