This thesis explores how mathematics teaching, especially problem solving, can be brought closer to what the 2012 National Guidelines describe as “new educational scenarios.” It first outlines the traditional approach to mathematics in primary school, pointing out its limits: students’ passivity and the weak link with real-life situations. To address these issues, the study reviews alternative methods proposed in the literature, with a focus on authentic materials such as receipts, menus, and brochures, everyday tools that children encounter outside school. Their potential, accessibility, and challenges in classroom use are discussed, together with possible strategies to make them more effective. Building on this analysis, interactive workshops were designed and tested in fourth and fifth grade classes, with the aim of making students more familiar with these materials that are normally created for adults. The central research question was: how can greater familiarity improve the use of authentic materials in primary school? The study followed an empirical approach, comparing results from initial and final questionnaires, as well as from pre- and post-tests, each including three problems: one with a menu, one with a brochure, and one with a receipt. The findings show that workshop-based activities help students interpret data from authentic materials more effectively, solve problems, and develop both mathematical and social competences. At the same time, this approach offers a concrete way to reduce the gap between school and everyday life.
Questo lavoro di tesi intende avvicinare in modo concreto l’insegnamento della matematica, e in particolare dei problemi matematici, a quelli che le Indicazioni Nazionali del 2012 definiscono “nuovi scenari educativi”. Per farlo, inizialmente viene presentata una panoramica sull’approccio “tradizionale” della disciplina nella scuola primaria, mettendone in luce le criticità: la passività degli alunni e la scarsa connessione con la realtà quotidiana. A partire da tali limiti, sono state analizzate alternative proposte in letteratura, con attenzione all’uso di materiali autentici, ossia strumenti tratti dall’esperienza dei bambini (scontrini, menù, dépliant). Dopo una valutazione di potenzialità, accessibilità, e soprattutto ostacoli del loro impiego in classe, vengono proposte soluzioni per renderne l’utilizzo più efficace. In questa prospettiva, sono stati progettati e sperimentati laboratori interattivi in una quarta e quinta primaria, finalizzati a sviluppare una maggiore familiarità con tali materiali strutturati per un pubblico adulto. La domanda di ricerca che ha guidato il lavoro è stata: in che modo l’aumento della familiarità può incidere positivamente sull’uso dei materiali autentici nella scuola primaria? Attraverso un approccio empirico, guidato dal confronto tra i risultati di un questionario iniziale e finale e di un pre-test e post-test (composti ciascuno da tre problemi: uno con supporto di menù, uno con dépliant e uno con scontrino), è emerso che l’approccio laboratoriale costituisce uno strumento efficace per potenziare la capacità degli alunni di interpretare dati di tali materiali, risolvere problemi e sviluppare competenze matematiche e sociali più consapevoli, offrendo al contempo una valida risposta alla distanza tra scuola e vita quotidiana.
ARTEFATTI CULTURALI COME PONTE TRA PROBLEMI MATEMATICI E REALTÀ: un percorso laboratoriale nella scuola primaria
FOFFANO, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores how mathematics teaching, especially problem solving, can be brought closer to what the 2012 National Guidelines describe as “new educational scenarios.” It first outlines the traditional approach to mathematics in primary school, pointing out its limits: students’ passivity and the weak link with real-life situations. To address these issues, the study reviews alternative methods proposed in the literature, with a focus on authentic materials such as receipts, menus, and brochures, everyday tools that children encounter outside school. Their potential, accessibility, and challenges in classroom use are discussed, together with possible strategies to make them more effective. Building on this analysis, interactive workshops were designed and tested in fourth and fifth grade classes, with the aim of making students more familiar with these materials that are normally created for adults. The central research question was: how can greater familiarity improve the use of authentic materials in primary school? The study followed an empirical approach, comparing results from initial and final questionnaires, as well as from pre- and post-tests, each including three problems: one with a menu, one with a brochure, and one with a receipt. The findings show that workshop-based activities help students interpret data from authentic materials more effectively, solve problems, and develop both mathematical and social competences. At the same time, this approach offers a concrete way to reduce the gap between school and everyday life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94514