The family represents the first place where a child learns about himself and the world. The family environment is the context in which the child receives initial care, affection, security and in which the foundations of his emotional, relational and cognitive development are laid. However, the family is not always able to fully carry out this task and in many situations fragilities emerge which prevent some families from fulfilling their duties. Economic vulnerabilities, psychological frailties, unresolved conflicts, parental separations or genuine conditions of neglect and maltreatment may necessitate the intervention of social services and institutions, leading, in the most serious cases, to the removal of the child from the family of origin. While such a measure is aimed at protecting the child from immediate risks, it raises a profound and complex question: is it possible, and to what extent, to rebuild that broken bond and accompany children towards a return to their family in conditions of greater safety and well-being? The present research arises precisely from this question and intends to explore the processes of family reunification, paying attention to their effectiveness and the conditions that determine their success or failure. For this reason, an analysis of the data extrapolated from the PIPPI Program was conducted, selecting the stories that led to a reunification between children and their families of origin, in an attempt to reconstruct the processes that occurred, the resources present and the vulnerabilities of the actors involved. Analyzing reunification means not only evaluating tools and methodologies, but also questioning the support paths offered to parents, the models of resilience that can be activated and the educational and social strategies that allow transforming a painful separation into an opportunity for rebirth. In this framework, the PIPPI Programme takes on particular importance, which with its innovative tools and its multi-systemic approach represents a laboratory of practices oriented not only to prevent the institutionalization of minors, but also to encourage the construction of new family balances, capable of guaranteeing healthier and safer growth. This thesis, therefore, does not limit itself to describing norms and procedures, but wants to question the most human and fragile dimension of childhood, what it means “to return home” after a removal and how much institutions and the entire community are able to truly support this return. The research question arises not only from an academic interest, but also from a personal motivation: by working as an educator within a residential educational community, observing children, listening to their stories and experiencing the processes that develop in these contexts, a specific interest in reunification paths has developed. Rarely, however, do such processes materialize, despite the ongoing work of staff and the deployment of available resources. From this experience arises the underlying question and the need to analyze, at the national level and through the PIPPI Program, the stories that accompany these dynamics. In a practical way, the research took into consideration the data extrapolated from PIPPI 11, 12 and 13, selecting dependent children who lived outside the family –for example in a residential facility or in foster care – due to family vulnerabilities, and who subsequently, at the end of a journey, they reconciled with their family. Later, in chapter 4, the structure of the PIPPI Program will be explored in depth to provide a clear picture of the format, while in chapter 5 the research data will be presented and analysed.
La famiglia rappresenta il primo luogo in cui un bambino impara a conoscere sé stesso e il mondo. L’ambiente familiare è il contesto in cui il bambino riceve le prime cure, affetto, sicurezza e in cui si gettano le basi del suo sviluppo emotivo, relazionale e cognitivo. Non sempre, tuttavia, la famiglia è in grado di assolvere pienamente questo compito e in molte situazioni emergono fragilità che impediscono ad alcuni nuclei di adempiere ai propri doveri. Vulnerabilità economiche, fragilità psicologiche, conflitti irrisolti, separazioni genitoriali o vere e proprie condizioni di trascuratezza e maltrattamento possono rendere necessario l’intervento dei servizi sociali e delle istituzioni, fino a giungere, nei casi più gravi, all’allontanamento del minore dalla famiglia d’origine. Tale misura, se da un lato è volta a proteggere il bambino da rischi immediati, dall’altro solleva una domanda profonda e complessa: è possibile, e in che misura, ricostruire quel legame spezzato e accompagnare i bambini verso un ritorno nella propria famiglia in condizioni di maggiore sicurezza e benessere? La presente ricerca nasce proprio da questo interrogativo e intende esplorare i processi di riunificazione familiare, ponendo attenzione alla loro efficacia e alle condizioni che ne determinano il successo o l’insuccesso. Per questo è stata condotta un’analisi dei dati estrapolati dal Programma P.I.P.P.I., selezionando le storie che hanno portato a una riunificazione tra i bambini e le loro famiglie d’origine, nel tentativo di ricostruire i processi avvenuti, le risorse presenti e le vulnerabilità degli attori coinvolti. Analizzare la riunificazione significa non solo valutare strumenti e metodologie, ma anche interrogarsi sui percorsi di sostegno offerti ai genitori, sui modelli di resilienza che possono essere attivati e sulle strategie educative e sociali che permettono di trasformare una separazione dolorosa in un’opportunità di rinascita. In questo quadro, particolare rilievo assume il Programma P.I.P.P.I., che con i suoi strumenti innovativi e la sua impostazione multi-sistemica rappresenta un laboratorio di pratiche orientate non soltanto a prevenire l’istituzionalizzazione dei minori, ma anche a favorire la costruzione di nuovi equilibri familiari, capaci di garantire una crescita più sana e sicura. Questa tesi, quindi, non si limita a descrivere norme e procedure, ma vuole interrogarsi sulla dimensione più umana e fragile dell’infanzia, su ciò che significa “tornare a casa” dopo un allontanamento e su quanto le istituzioni e la comunità intera siano in grado di sostenere davvero questo ritorno. La domanda della ricerca nasce non solo da un interesse accademico, ma anche da una motivazione personale: lavorando come educatrice all’interno di una comunità educativa residenziale, osservando i bambini, ascoltando le loro storie e vivendo i processi che si sviluppano in questi contesti, è maturato un interesse specifico sui percorsi di riunificazione. Raramente, tuttavia, tali processi si concretizzano, nonostante il lavoro continuo del personale e l’impiego delle risorse disponibili. Da questa esperienza nasce l’interrogativo di fondo e la necessità di analizzare, a livello nazionale e attraverso il Programma P.I.P.P.I., le storie che accompagnano queste dinamiche. In modo pratico, la ricerca ha preso in considerazione i dati estrapolati da P.I.P.P.I. 11, 12 e 13, selezionando i bambini in carico che vivevano fuori famiglia – ad esempio in struttura residenziale o in affidamento – a causa di vulnerabilità familiari, e che successivamente, al termine di un percorso, si sono riconciliati con la propria famiglia. Più avanti, nel capitolo 4, verrà approfondita la struttura del Programma P.I.P.P.I. per fornire un quadro chiaro del format, mentre nel capitolo 5 saranno presentati e analizzati i dati della ricerca.
Dall’allontanamento al ricongiungimento: analizzando le storie di rientro in famiglia nel Programma P.I.P.P.I
BUTERA, ERIKA
2024/2025
Abstract
The family represents the first place where a child learns about himself and the world. The family environment is the context in which the child receives initial care, affection, security and in which the foundations of his emotional, relational and cognitive development are laid. However, the family is not always able to fully carry out this task and in many situations fragilities emerge which prevent some families from fulfilling their duties. Economic vulnerabilities, psychological frailties, unresolved conflicts, parental separations or genuine conditions of neglect and maltreatment may necessitate the intervention of social services and institutions, leading, in the most serious cases, to the removal of the child from the family of origin. While such a measure is aimed at protecting the child from immediate risks, it raises a profound and complex question: is it possible, and to what extent, to rebuild that broken bond and accompany children towards a return to their family in conditions of greater safety and well-being? The present research arises precisely from this question and intends to explore the processes of family reunification, paying attention to their effectiveness and the conditions that determine their success or failure. For this reason, an analysis of the data extrapolated from the PIPPI Program was conducted, selecting the stories that led to a reunification between children and their families of origin, in an attempt to reconstruct the processes that occurred, the resources present and the vulnerabilities of the actors involved. Analyzing reunification means not only evaluating tools and methodologies, but also questioning the support paths offered to parents, the models of resilience that can be activated and the educational and social strategies that allow transforming a painful separation into an opportunity for rebirth. In this framework, the PIPPI Programme takes on particular importance, which with its innovative tools and its multi-systemic approach represents a laboratory of practices oriented not only to prevent the institutionalization of minors, but also to encourage the construction of new family balances, capable of guaranteeing healthier and safer growth. This thesis, therefore, does not limit itself to describing norms and procedures, but wants to question the most human and fragile dimension of childhood, what it means “to return home” after a removal and how much institutions and the entire community are able to truly support this return. The research question arises not only from an academic interest, but also from a personal motivation: by working as an educator within a residential educational community, observing children, listening to their stories and experiencing the processes that develop in these contexts, a specific interest in reunification paths has developed. Rarely, however, do such processes materialize, despite the ongoing work of staff and the deployment of available resources. From this experience arises the underlying question and the need to analyze, at the national level and through the PIPPI Program, the stories that accompany these dynamics. In a practical way, the research took into consideration the data extrapolated from PIPPI 11, 12 and 13, selecting dependent children who lived outside the family –for example in a residential facility or in foster care – due to family vulnerabilities, and who subsequently, at the end of a journey, they reconciled with their family. Later, in chapter 4, the structure of the PIPPI Program will be explored in depth to provide a clear picture of the format, while in chapter 5 the research data will be presented and analysed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94947