The present thesis investigates Philosophy for Children (P4C) as an educational proposal capable of promoting an inclusive approach, valuing the active participation and reflective thinking of children, since kindergarten. Starting from the origins of the project developed by Matthew Lipman, the first chapter traces the international diffusion of P4C and analyzes its theoretical foundations, with particular reference to the American pragmatism of John Dewey and the constructivist approach, with particular attention to the contributions of Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner. The chapter concludes with an in-depth study of the three central conceptual cores of the P4 C curriculum: critical thinking, creative thinking and caring. The second chapter explores P4 C as an educational practice, illustrating its methodology, the organization of sessions, the philosophical dialogue and the role of the facilitator. The value of the philosophical text as a stimulus to reflection and the Research Community as the core of cooperative learning are also highlighted. Finally, the third chapter presents an exploratory study conducted in a preschool, divided into five sessions designed according to the principles of P4C. The intervention aimed to observe the effects of philosophical practice on participation and the development of critical thinking in children. The results highlight an increase in mutual listening, the ability to argue and ask questions autonomously and meaningfully.
La presente tesi indaga la Philosophy for Children (P4C) come proposta educativa capace di promuovere un approccio inclusivo, valorizzando la partecipazione attiva e il pensiero riflessivo dei bambini, sin dalla scuola dell’infanzia. Partendo dalle origini del progetto sviluppato da Matthew Lipman, il primo capitolo ripercorre la diffusione internazionale della P4C e ne analizza i fondamenti teorici, con particolare riferimento al pragmatismo americano di John Dewey e all’approccio costruttivista, con particolare attenzione ai contributi di Piaget, Vygotskij e Bruner. Il capitolo si conclude con l’approfondimento dei tre nuclei concettuali centrali del curricolo della P4C: pensiero critico, creativo e caring. Il secondo capitolo esplora la P4C come pratica educativa, illustrandone la metodologia, l’organizzazione delle sessioni, il dialogo filosofico e il ruolo del facilitatore. Vengono inoltre messi in rilievo il valore del testo filosofico come stimolo alla riflessione e la Comunità di Ricerca come nucleo dell’apprendimento cooperativo. Infine, il terzo capitolo presenta uno studio esplorativo condotto in una scuola dell’infanzia, articolato in cinque sessioni progettate secondo i principi della P4C. L’intervento ha avuto l’obiettivo di osservare gli effetti della pratica filosofica sulla partecipazione e sullo sviluppo del pensiero critico nei bambini. I risultati evidenziano un incremento dell’ascolto reciproco, della capacità di argomentare e di porsi domande in modo autonomo e significativo.
La Philosophy for Children nella scuola dell’infanzia: una pratica per pensare insieme
GARENGO, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The present thesis investigates Philosophy for Children (P4C) as an educational proposal capable of promoting an inclusive approach, valuing the active participation and reflective thinking of children, since kindergarten. Starting from the origins of the project developed by Matthew Lipman, the first chapter traces the international diffusion of P4C and analyzes its theoretical foundations, with particular reference to the American pragmatism of John Dewey and the constructivist approach, with particular attention to the contributions of Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner. The chapter concludes with an in-depth study of the three central conceptual cores of the P4 C curriculum: critical thinking, creative thinking and caring. The second chapter explores P4 C as an educational practice, illustrating its methodology, the organization of sessions, the philosophical dialogue and the role of the facilitator. The value of the philosophical text as a stimulus to reflection and the Research Community as the core of cooperative learning are also highlighted. Finally, the third chapter presents an exploratory study conducted in a preschool, divided into five sessions designed according to the principles of P4C. The intervention aimed to observe the effects of philosophical practice on participation and the development of critical thinking in children. The results highlight an increase in mutual listening, the ability to argue and ask questions autonomously and meaningfully.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/94969