In recent years, interest in the benefits of nature and how it can stimulate people’s cognitive development and psychophysical well-being has grown considerably. In line with the existing literature, this thesis explores the role that passive exposure to nature plays on executive functions, affectivity, and perceived restorativeness, using the Attention Restoration Theory and the Stress Recovery Theory as a theoretical framework. A study was conducted with fourth- and fifth-grade children from several primary schools to examine whether a lesson in a green environment, compared to a lesson in a traditional classroom, could promote a more positive affective state, higher performance in cognitive tasks (specifically attention and working memory tasks), and a better perception of environmental quality. The data collected also considered children’s individual differences in terms of motivation, anxiety, connection with nature, and environmental sensitivity. The results show that the natural environment was perceived by children as significantly more restorative than the classroom, and that outdoor lessons fostered greater positive emotions and fewer negative emotions. With regard to cognitive performance, attention turned out to be significantly better in the classroom, while working memory did not show significant differences between the two conditions. No interaction effects emerged with the individual characteristics considered. These results suggest that, although natural environments have a positive impact on emotional well-being and perceived restorativeness, their effect on cognitive performance may likely depend on contextual factors not taken into account and requires further investigation. Nevertheless, integrating nature into school spaces and activities remains a promising perspective to support students’ psychophysical well-being.
Negli ultimi anni è aumentato notevolmente l’interesse verso i benefici della natura e come questa possa stimolare lo sviluppo cognitivo e il benessere psicofisico delle persone. In linea con la letteratura esistente, questa tesi esplora il ruolo che l’esposizione passiva alla natura ha su funzioni esecutive, affettività e percezione di rigeneratività, usando come cornice teorica l’Attention Restoration Theory e la Stress Recovery Theory. È stato condotto uno studio con bambini di quarta e quinta di alcune scuole primarie per esaminare se una lezione in un ambiente verde, rispetto ad una lezione in un’aula tradizionale, potesse favorire uno stato affettivo maggiormente positivo, prestazioni superiori in compiti cognitivi (nello specifico in compiti di attenzione e memoria di lavoro) e una percezione migliore della qualità ambientale. I dati raccolti considerano anche le differenze individuali dei bambini in termini di motivazione, ansia, connessione con la natura e sensibilità ambientale. I risultati mostrano che l’ambiente naturale è stato percepito dai bambini come significativamente più ristorativo rispetto all’aula e che le lezioni all’aperto hanno favorito la presenza di maggiori emozioni positive e minori emozioni negative. Per quanto riguarda le prestazioni cognitive, l’attenzione è risultata significativamente migliore in aula, mentre la memoria di lavoro non ha mostrato differenze significative tra le due condizioni. Non sono emersi effetti di interazione con le caratteristiche individuali considerate. Questi risultati suggeriscono che, sebbene gli ambienti naturali abbiano un impatto positivo sul benessere emotivo e sulla percezione di rigeneratività, il loro effetto sulle prestazioni cognitive può dipendere, probabilmente, da fattori contestuali non considerati e richiede ulteriori approfondimenti. L’integrazione della natura negli spazi e nelle attività scolastiche rimane comunque una prospettiva promettente per sostenere il benessere psicofisico degli studenti.
La mente nel verde: effetti cognitivi e affettivi di una lezione nella natura.
BONISOLO, DILETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the benefits of nature and how it can stimulate people’s cognitive development and psychophysical well-being has grown considerably. In line with the existing literature, this thesis explores the role that passive exposure to nature plays on executive functions, affectivity, and perceived restorativeness, using the Attention Restoration Theory and the Stress Recovery Theory as a theoretical framework. A study was conducted with fourth- and fifth-grade children from several primary schools to examine whether a lesson in a green environment, compared to a lesson in a traditional classroom, could promote a more positive affective state, higher performance in cognitive tasks (specifically attention and working memory tasks), and a better perception of environmental quality. The data collected also considered children’s individual differences in terms of motivation, anxiety, connection with nature, and environmental sensitivity. The results show that the natural environment was perceived by children as significantly more restorative than the classroom, and that outdoor lessons fostered greater positive emotions and fewer negative emotions. With regard to cognitive performance, attention turned out to be significantly better in the classroom, while working memory did not show significant differences between the two conditions. No interaction effects emerged with the individual characteristics considered. These results suggest that, although natural environments have a positive impact on emotional well-being and perceived restorativeness, their effect on cognitive performance may likely depend on contextual factors not taken into account and requires further investigation. Nevertheless, integrating nature into school spaces and activities remains a promising perspective to support students’ psychophysical well-being.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96338