The transition to motherhood is a complex process, characterised by profound psychological and physical changes that can reactivate unresolved conflicts related to one's relational and identity history. Parenthood, understood as an evolutionary process, involves a redefinition of the self and a reworking of one's femininity, taking the form of a transformative and inner experience (Benedek, 1959; Bydlowski, 2004). However, not all women are able to integrate these changes harmoniously, which can lead to significant psychological difficulties in the perinatal period. It has been estimated that up to 20% of women develop depressive and/or anxiety symptoms during or after pregnancy (NICE, 2015), often experienced for the first time. Among the most common conditions of distress is fear of childbirth, which in non-pregnant women can be so intense that it discourages them from choosing to become pregnant (Hofberg & Brockington, 2001). In addition, about 30% of women perceive childbirth as a traumatic event, with 4% developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a percentage that can rise to 19% in high-risk cases (Ayers et al., 2016; Yildiz, Ayers & Phillips, 2017). Perinatal PTSD and other forms of postnatal psychopathology can have significant consequences for the mother's mental health, interfere with the couple's relationship and the mother-child bond, and negatively affect the emotional development of the newborn. In this perspective, the implementation of psychological screening programmes during pregnancy and in the postpartum period is crucial in order to identify cases at risk in a timely manner and promote targeted support pathways. This thesis therefore aims to explore the impact of adverse perinatal experiences on the quality of mother-child interaction at 4 months, with a particular focus on antenatal psychological factors and the subjective perception of the experience of labour and delivery. To this end, various psychological predictors were analysed, such as fear of childbirth, depressive and anxiety symptoms, difficulties in emotional regulation and the traumatic experience of childbirth, assessed at two points in time: during pregnancy (T0) and four months after childbirth (T1). These variables were then correlated with the quality of mother-child interaction at four months (T1).
La transizione alla maternità rappresenta un processo complesso, caratterizzato da profondi cambiamenti psichici e fisici che possono riattivare conflitti irrisolti legati alla propria storia relazionale e identitaria. La genitorialità, intesa come processo evolutivo, implica una ridefinizione del Sé e una rielaborazione della propria femminilità, configurandosi come un’esperienza trasformativa e interiore (Benedek, 1959; Bydlowski, 2004). Tuttavia, non tutte le donne riescono a integrare armonicamente tali cambiamenti, il che può generare significative difficoltà psicologiche nel periodo perinatale. È stato stimato che fino al 20% delle donne sviluppi sintomi depressivi e/o ansiosi durante o dopo la gravidanza (NICE, 2015), spesso sperimentati per la prima volta. Tra le condizioni di disagio più diffuse emerge la paura del parto, che nelle donne non gravide può essere così intensa da scoraggiare la scelta di intraprendere la gravidanza stessa (Hofberg & Brockington, 2001). Inoltre, circa il 30% delle donne percepisce il parto come un evento traumatico, con un 4% che sviluppa un Disturbo Post Traumatico da Stress (PTSD), percentuale che può salire fino al 19% nei casi ad alto rischio (Ayers et al., 2016; Yildiz, Ayers, & Phillips, 2017). Il PTSD perinatale e le altre forme di psicopatologia post-natale possono generare conseguenze significative sulla salute mentale della madre, interferire con la relazione di coppia e sul legame madre-bambino, oltre che influenzare negativamente lo sviluppo emotivo del neonato. In questa prospettiva, assume un'importanza cruciale l’implementazione di programmi di screening psicologico durante la gravidanza e nel periodo post-partum, al fine di individuare tempestivamente i casi a rischio e promuovere percorsi di supporto mirati. La presente tesi si propone dunque di esplorare l'impatto delle esperienze perinatali avverse sulla qualità dell'interazione madre-bambino a 4 mesi, con particolare attenzione ai fattori psicologici antenatali e alla percezione soggettiva dell’esperienza del travaglio e del parto. A tal fine, sono stati analizzati diversi predittori psicologici quali la paura del parto, i sintomi depressivi e ansiosi, le difficoltà nella regolazione emotiva e il vissuto traumatico del parto, valutati in due momenti temporali: in gravidanza (T0) e a quattro mesi dopo il parto (T1). Tali variabili sono state successivamente messe in relazione con la qualità dell’interazione madre-bambino a quattro mesi (T1).
ESPERIENZE PERINATALI AVVERSE: fattori antenatali in associazione al parto ed esito sulla qualità dell’interazione madre-bambino a 4 mesi.
FOSCARIN, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
The transition to motherhood is a complex process, characterised by profound psychological and physical changes that can reactivate unresolved conflicts related to one's relational and identity history. Parenthood, understood as an evolutionary process, involves a redefinition of the self and a reworking of one's femininity, taking the form of a transformative and inner experience (Benedek, 1959; Bydlowski, 2004). However, not all women are able to integrate these changes harmoniously, which can lead to significant psychological difficulties in the perinatal period. It has been estimated that up to 20% of women develop depressive and/or anxiety symptoms during or after pregnancy (NICE, 2015), often experienced for the first time. Among the most common conditions of distress is fear of childbirth, which in non-pregnant women can be so intense that it discourages them from choosing to become pregnant (Hofberg & Brockington, 2001). In addition, about 30% of women perceive childbirth as a traumatic event, with 4% developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a percentage that can rise to 19% in high-risk cases (Ayers et al., 2016; Yildiz, Ayers & Phillips, 2017). Perinatal PTSD and other forms of postnatal psychopathology can have significant consequences for the mother's mental health, interfere with the couple's relationship and the mother-child bond, and negatively affect the emotional development of the newborn. In this perspective, the implementation of psychological screening programmes during pregnancy and in the postpartum period is crucial in order to identify cases at risk in a timely manner and promote targeted support pathways. This thesis therefore aims to explore the impact of adverse perinatal experiences on the quality of mother-child interaction at 4 months, with a particular focus on antenatal psychological factors and the subjective perception of the experience of labour and delivery. To this end, various psychological predictors were analysed, such as fear of childbirth, depressive and anxiety symptoms, difficulties in emotional regulation and the traumatic experience of childbirth, assessed at two points in time: during pregnancy (T0) and four months after childbirth (T1). These variables were then correlated with the quality of mother-child interaction at four months (T1).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96528