Nonspecific low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with significant clinical, social, and economic implications. In recent years, core stability exercises have gained increasing importance as a conservative treatment. The mechanisms of action of these exercises include improved neuromuscular control, lumbopelvic stabilization, and the consequent reduction of mechanical load on the spine, with potential beneficial effects on neurophysiological processes as well. This narrative review examined and synthesized data from randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of core stability exercises in reducing pain and disability in adults with nonspecific low back pain. The analysis shows that structured core stabilization protocols can produce significant improvements in pain, measured by scales such as the Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale, and in disability, assessed with tools like the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, already within the first four to eight weeks of treatment. Evidence regarding medium- and long-term effects appears less consistent, suggesting the need to complement the intervention with maintenance programs to consolidate the achieved results. Despite limitations related to the wide variability of protocols and the limited number of studies with extended follow-up, core stability exercises represent an effective and safe conservative approach for managing nonspecific low back pain, particularly for achieving short-term benefits, although further research is needed to confirm their long-term sustainability.
Il dolore lombare aspecifico rappresenta una delle principali cause di disabilità a livello globale, con considerevoli implicazioni cliniche, sociali ed economiche. Negli ultimi anni, gli esercizi di core stability sono diventati sempre più importanti come trattamento conservativo. I meccanismi d’azione di questi esercizi comprendono il miglioramento del controllo neuromuscolare, la stabilizzazione lombo-pelvica e la conseguente riduzione del carico meccanico sulla colonna, con possibili effetti favorevoli anche sul piano neurofisiologico. Questa revisione narrativa ha esaminato e sintetizzato i dati provenienti da studi clinici randomizzati, meta-analisi e revisioni sistematiche, con lo scopo di valutare l’efficacia degli esercizi di core stability nella riduzione del dolore e della disabilità in adulti affetti da lombalgia aspecifica. Dall’analisi emerge che protocolli strutturati di stabilizzazione del core consentono, già entro le prime quattro-otto settimane dall’inizio del trattamento, di ottenere miglioramenti significativi del dolore, misurato tramite scale come la Visual Analog Scale e la Numeric Rating Scale, e della disabilità, valutata con strumenti quali l’Oswestry Disability Index e il Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. Le evidenze relative al medio e lungo termine appaiono invece meno nette, suggerendo pertanto la necessità di affiancare l'intervento con programmi di mantenimento per consolidare i risultati ottenuti. Nonostante i limiti dati dall’ampia variabilità dei protocolli e il numero limitato di studi con follow-up prolungati, si conclude che gli esercizi di core stability, rappresentano un approccio conservativo efficace e sicuro nella gestione della lombalgia aspecifica, soprattutto nel breve periodo, ma necessitano di ulteriori conferme per garantirne la sostenibilità a lungo termine.
Gli esercizi di stabilità del core riducono efficacemente il dolore e la disabilità negli adulti con lombalgia aspecifica? Una revisione narrativa
KAMRACH, ANOUAR
2024/2025
Abstract
Nonspecific low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with significant clinical, social, and economic implications. In recent years, core stability exercises have gained increasing importance as a conservative treatment. The mechanisms of action of these exercises include improved neuromuscular control, lumbopelvic stabilization, and the consequent reduction of mechanical load on the spine, with potential beneficial effects on neurophysiological processes as well. This narrative review examined and synthesized data from randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of core stability exercises in reducing pain and disability in adults with nonspecific low back pain. The analysis shows that structured core stabilization protocols can produce significant improvements in pain, measured by scales such as the Visual Analog Scale and Numeric Rating Scale, and in disability, assessed with tools like the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, already within the first four to eight weeks of treatment. Evidence regarding medium- and long-term effects appears less consistent, suggesting the need to complement the intervention with maintenance programs to consolidate the achieved results. Despite limitations related to the wide variability of protocols and the limited number of studies with extended follow-up, core stability exercises represent an effective and safe conservative approach for managing nonspecific low back pain, particularly for achieving short-term benefits, although further research is needed to confirm their long-term sustainability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97142