Background: Musculoskeletal disorders of the cervico-cranio-mandibular region, such as cervicalgia and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), represent a significant clinical challenge due to their complex multifactorial etiology, involving biomechanical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial components. Recent evidence supports an integrated approach combining manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and educational-behavioral strategies to improve clinical outcomes, therapeutic adherence, and patients’ self-management abilities. Objectives: This narrative review aims to synthesize available evidence on the efficacy of educational-behavioral strategies in managing musculoskeletal disorders of the cervico-cranio-mandibular region by physiotherapists, exploring their implications for clinical practice and future research. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the PICOS criteria to ensure a robust and structured approach, searching databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Scopus, Cochrane Library) for studies published in the last 10 years. Studies involving adult patients with cervicalgia or TMD, educational-behavioral interventions managed by physiotherapists, and relevant clinical outcomes were included. Results: Analysis of 29 studies indicates that educational strategies, such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), and behavioral interventions significantly reduce pain (up to 30%), disability (up to 25%), catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia when integrated with traditional physiotherapy. Physiotherapists play a critical role in this multimodal approach, transitioning from technical practitioners to behavioral educators. Telerehabilitation shows potential for improving access to care, though evidence is limited by methodological heterogeneity, short follow-up periods, and underrepresentation of vulnerable populations. Conclusions: The integration of educational-behavioral strategies enhances the effectiveness of traditional physiotherapy in managing cervico-cranio-mandibular disorders, promoting a patient-centered approach and reducing socioeconomic impact. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols, evaluating long-term outcomes (>24 months), assessing cost-effectiveness, and including more diverse populations to optimize clinical implementation. Keywords: Cervicalgia, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), physiotherapy, pain neuroscience education (PNE), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), self-management, telerehabilitation, chronic pain, functionality.
Premessa: I disturbi muscoloscheletrici del distretto cervico-cranio-mandibolare, come la cervicalgia e i disordini temporo-mandibolari (TMD), costituiscono una sfida clinica rilevante per la loro complessa eziologia multifattoriale, che coinvolge componenti biomeccaniche, neurofisiologiche e psicosociali. Recenti evidenze supportano l’approccio integrato di Terapia Manuale, Esercizio Terapeutico con l’approccio educativo comportamentale, per il miglioramento degli esiti clinici, dell’aderenza terapeutica e delle capacità di autogestione dei pazienti. Obiettivi: Questa revisione narrativa si propone di sintetizzare le evidenze disponibili, la loro efficacia e le implicazioni per la pratica clinica e la ricerca futura e di analizzare l’uso di strategie educativo-comportamentali nei disturbi muscoloscheletrici del distretto cervico-cranio-mandibolare da parte del fisioterapista. Metodi: È stata condotta una revisione narrativa utilizzando i criteri PICOS per rendere il lavoro più solido e strutturato, consultando le banche dati PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Scopus e Cochrane Library negli ultimi 10 anni. Sono stati selezionati studi su pazienti adulti con cervicalgia o TMD, interventi educativo comportamentali gestiti da fisioterapisti e con outcome clinici rilevanti. Risultati: Sono stati analizzati 29 studi, i quali evidenziano che le strategie educative, come l’educazione neuroscientifica del dolore (PNE), e gli interventi comportamentali riducono significativamente il dolore (fino al 30%), la disabilità (fino al 25%), la catastrofizzazione e la kinesiofobia quando integrati con la fisioterapia tradizionale. Il fisioterapista svolge un ruolo cruciale in questo approccio multimodale, evolvendo da tecnico a educatore comportamentale. La teleriabilitazione mostra del potenziale per migliorare l’accessibilità alle cure, sebbene le evidenze siano limitate da eterogeneità metodologica, follow-up brevi e sottorappresentazione di popolazioni vulnerabili. Conclusioni: L’integrazione di strategie educativo-comportamentali rafforza l’efficacia della fisioterapia tradizionale nei disturbi del distretto cervico-cranio-mandibolare, favorendo un approccio centrato sul paziente e contribuendo a ridurne l’impatto socioeconomico. Futuri studi dovranno mirare alla standardizzazione dei protocolli, all’analisi degli esiti a lungo termine (>24 mesi), alla valutazione costo-efficacia e all’inclusione di campioni più eterogenei, al fine di ottimizzare l’implementazione clinica. Parole chiave: Cervicalgia, disordini temporo-mandibolari (TMD), fisioterapia, educazione neuroscientifica del dolore (PNE), terapia cognitivo-comportamentale (CBT), autogestione, teleriabilitazione, dolore cronico, funzionalità.
Il ruolo del fisioterapista nell'approccio riabilitativo-educazionale per i disturbi muscoloscheletrici del distretto capo-collo.
SALVALAJO, VALERIO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders of the cervico-cranio-mandibular region, such as cervicalgia and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), represent a significant clinical challenge due to their complex multifactorial etiology, involving biomechanical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial components. Recent evidence supports an integrated approach combining manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and educational-behavioral strategies to improve clinical outcomes, therapeutic adherence, and patients’ self-management abilities. Objectives: This narrative review aims to synthesize available evidence on the efficacy of educational-behavioral strategies in managing musculoskeletal disorders of the cervico-cranio-mandibular region by physiotherapists, exploring their implications for clinical practice and future research. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the PICOS criteria to ensure a robust and structured approach, searching databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Scopus, Cochrane Library) for studies published in the last 10 years. Studies involving adult patients with cervicalgia or TMD, educational-behavioral interventions managed by physiotherapists, and relevant clinical outcomes were included. Results: Analysis of 29 studies indicates that educational strategies, such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), and behavioral interventions significantly reduce pain (up to 30%), disability (up to 25%), catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia when integrated with traditional physiotherapy. Physiotherapists play a critical role in this multimodal approach, transitioning from technical practitioners to behavioral educators. Telerehabilitation shows potential for improving access to care, though evidence is limited by methodological heterogeneity, short follow-up periods, and underrepresentation of vulnerable populations. Conclusions: The integration of educational-behavioral strategies enhances the effectiveness of traditional physiotherapy in managing cervico-cranio-mandibular disorders, promoting a patient-centered approach and reducing socioeconomic impact. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols, evaluating long-term outcomes (>24 months), assessing cost-effectiveness, and including more diverse populations to optimize clinical implementation. Keywords: Cervicalgia, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), physiotherapy, pain neuroscience education (PNE), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), self-management, telerehabilitation, chronic pain, functionality.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97150