In the next few years, the agricultural sector will increase the goods production to satisfy the demand for food while simultaneously reducing its environmental footprint. The reduction of the impact caused by the plant protectant products on the human health, the environment and the biodiversity are very important to achieve the abovementioned goal. It must be done through the use of innovative and integrated control techniques and alternative methods. First of all, farmers must know the biology cycle and the damages caused by pathogen. Moreover, farmer must professionally be trained on plant protection products and the active substances contained in them, in order to know their functionality and risks. Since 2009, the use of plant protection products has been regulated by decreasing their use and promoting a sustainable use of these products by applying alternative methods through biological, agronomic, physical pest management. The main objective of this study is to verify the applicability of ozone in a control strategy to protect the vineyards from the main fungal diseases, which downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Uncinula necator). The Ozone integrated treatments strategy have been compared with a conventional strategy. Ozone is a well know molecule with a strong biocide power against most of animal and plant’s pathogens. Ozone is harmful towards microorganisms with which it comes into contact in a short time without releasing residues either on the crops nor in the environment. In this trial Ozone was produced by a generator mounted on a commercial sprayer, which sprays the mixture of water and ozone as a treatment on vineyards. The experimentation was conducted in the 2021 season in a vineyard owned by “Cescon Giuseppe and Antonella Società Semplice Agricola” a farm in Chiarano, Treviso; within the “Ozono Ecofarm Caffini” project. Leaves and the grapes were sampled during summer in order to estimates the damage caused by the pathogens. The results obtained reveal the conventional method as the best pest management strategy against pathogens. Ozone focused reports and factors to improve the use of this technology in the vineyard. As far as the technique is concerned, the prototype of the sprayer used it needs improvements in terms of its ability to produce a pesticide mixture with a high redox potential in order to efficiently reduce plant diseases and source a high volume of water to be ozonated.
Nei prossimi anni il settore agricolo è chiamato a soddisfare una crescente domanda di cibo riducendo, contemporaneamente, la propria impronta ambientale. La riduzione dell’impatto dei prodotti fitosanitari sulla salute umana, l’ambiente e la biodiversità è molto importante per raggiungere questo obiettivo. L’uso di tecniche innovative di difesa integrata e metodi di difesa alternativi rappresentano strade percorribili. Innanzitutto è importante che l’utilizzatore conosca le malattie e i danni provocate dai patogeni, inoltre è necessario che sia formato professionalmente sui prodotti fitosanitari e sulle sostanze attive in essi contenute in modo da conoscere le funzionalità e i rischi. Dal 2009 l’uso dei prodotti fitosanitari è stato normato diminuendo il loro uso e favorendo un utilizzo sostenibile di questi prodotti applicando metodi alternativi come la difesa biologica, agronomica e fisica. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di verificare l’applicabilità dell’ozono per la difesa delle vite dalle principali avversità fungine quali peronospora e oidio paragonandola ad una difesa convenzionale. Questa molecola biocida, ottenuta grazie ad un macchinario che è in grado di ozonizzare l’acqua, è in grado di distruggere i microrganismi nocivi con cui viene a contatto in poco tempo senza rilasciare residui sulle colture. La sperimentazione è stata condotta nella stagione 2021 presso l’azienda “Cescon Giuseppe e Antonella Società Semplice Agricola” di Chiarano, Treviso; all’interno del progetto”Ozono Ecofarm Caffini”. L’area di studio consisteva in un vigneto di un ettaro su cui sono state sperimentate le tesi, le viti sono state campionate durante tutta la stagione produttiva, in modo da monitorare il danno causato dai patogeni. I risultati ottenuti rivelano come il metodo convenzionale rappresenta la miglior lotta ai patogeni a differenza dell’ozono che ha fatto insorgere dubbi e fattori da monitorare per migliorare l’uso di questa soluzione in vigneto. Per quanto riguarda la tecnica, il prototipo di irroratrice utilizzata necessita di migliorie in merito all’elevato volume di acqua da ozonizzare e alla capacità di produrre una miscela antiparassitaria con un elevato potenziale redox in modo da ridurre efficientemente le fitopatie.
Metodi di difesa alternativi della vite da Plasmopara Viticola e Oidium Tuckeri con utilizzo di ozono
FAVARO, GIOVANNI
2021/2022
Abstract
In the next few years, the agricultural sector will increase the goods production to satisfy the demand for food while simultaneously reducing its environmental footprint. The reduction of the impact caused by the plant protectant products on the human health, the environment and the biodiversity are very important to achieve the abovementioned goal. It must be done through the use of innovative and integrated control techniques and alternative methods. First of all, farmers must know the biology cycle and the damages caused by pathogen. Moreover, farmer must professionally be trained on plant protection products and the active substances contained in them, in order to know their functionality and risks. Since 2009, the use of plant protection products has been regulated by decreasing their use and promoting a sustainable use of these products by applying alternative methods through biological, agronomic, physical pest management. The main objective of this study is to verify the applicability of ozone in a control strategy to protect the vineyards from the main fungal diseases, which downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Uncinula necator). The Ozone integrated treatments strategy have been compared with a conventional strategy. Ozone is a well know molecule with a strong biocide power against most of animal and plant’s pathogens. Ozone is harmful towards microorganisms with which it comes into contact in a short time without releasing residues either on the crops nor in the environment. In this trial Ozone was produced by a generator mounted on a commercial sprayer, which sprays the mixture of water and ozone as a treatment on vineyards. The experimentation was conducted in the 2021 season in a vineyard owned by “Cescon Giuseppe and Antonella Società Semplice Agricola” a farm in Chiarano, Treviso; within the “Ozono Ecofarm Caffini” project. Leaves and the grapes were sampled during summer in order to estimates the damage caused by the pathogens. The results obtained reveal the conventional method as the best pest management strategy against pathogens. Ozone focused reports and factors to improve the use of this technology in the vineyard. As far as the technique is concerned, the prototype of the sprayer used it needs improvements in terms of its ability to produce a pesticide mixture with a high redox potential in order to efficiently reduce plant diseases and source a high volume of water to be ozonated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/9765