Wars, armed conflicts and acts of terrorism have characterised human history since its beginning. At the same time, technological and military developments over the last few centuries have led to the establishment of procedures to protect those involved in hostilities, both directly and indirectly. This research aims to take an independent approach to examining the exchange of prisoners of war as a means of pursuing peace. The starting point is the legal framework for prisoners of war and hostages, the latter of which are increasingly being used as bargaining chips. This regulatory framework encompasses the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, extending to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages. Classifying the actors involved in mediation and possible exchanges is crucial in determining whether the conflict is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Therefore, the evolution of doctrine is a consequence of the new war scenarios that have emerged since the second half of the 20^(th) century, including terrorism and struggles for independence following the colonial era. In the current historical context, where the use of force remains a means of resolving disputes, it is fundamental to understand the importance of human rights for those who participate, voluntarily or involuntarily, in a conflict. This paper aims to contribute to the awareness that only through mediation and peaceful resolution is it possible to pursue the highest goal that the main international organisations have set themselves, which is to preserve human life.
Le guerre e i conflitti armati, così come gli atti di terrorismo, hanno caratterizzato la storia dell’umanità sin dai suoi albori. Parallelamente, lo sviluppo tecnologico e militare che ha contraddistinto gli ultimi secoli, ha visto al contempo l’istituzionalizzazione di procedure volte alla tutela dei soggetti, attivi e passivi, coinvolti nelle ostilità. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è esaminare, con approccio indipendente, lo scambio di prigionieri di guerra quale strumento per il perseguimento della pace. Il punto di partenza consiste nell’inquadramento giuridico dei prigionieri di guerra e degli ostaggi, questi ultimi sempre più utilizzati quale leva negoziale. Il quadro normativo comprende le Convenzioni di Ginevra e i relativi Protocolli addizionali, fino allo Statuto di Roma della Corte penale internazionale e alla Convenzione internazionale contro la presa di ostaggi. La classificazione degli attori coinvolti nella mediazione e negli eventuali scambi assume un ruolo determinante in relazione alla natura simmetrica o asimmetrica del conflitto. L’evoluzione della dottrina è, pertanto, conseguenza dei nuovi scenari bellici affermatisi dalla seconda metà del Novecento, tra cui il terrorismo e le lotte per l’indipendenza successive alla stagione coloniale. Comprendere l’importanza dei diritti umani spettanti a coloro che partecipano, volontariamente o involontariamente, a un conflitto risulta fondamentale nel contesto storico attuale, nel quale il ricorso alla forza permane nella risoluzione delle controversie. Il presente elaborato intende contribuire alla consapevolezza che solo attraverso la mediazione e la risoluzione pacifica sia possibile perseguire il fine più alto che le principali organizzazioni internazionali si sono prefissate: preservare la vita umana.
Lo scambio di prigionieri come infrastruttura di pace: dal diritto internazionale umanitario alla prassi negoziale
PELLEGRINI, ETTORE
2024/2025
Abstract
Wars, armed conflicts and acts of terrorism have characterised human history since its beginning. At the same time, technological and military developments over the last few centuries have led to the establishment of procedures to protect those involved in hostilities, both directly and indirectly. This research aims to take an independent approach to examining the exchange of prisoners of war as a means of pursuing peace. The starting point is the legal framework for prisoners of war and hostages, the latter of which are increasingly being used as bargaining chips. This regulatory framework encompasses the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, extending to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages. Classifying the actors involved in mediation and possible exchanges is crucial in determining whether the conflict is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Therefore, the evolution of doctrine is a consequence of the new war scenarios that have emerged since the second half of the 20^(th) century, including terrorism and struggles for independence following the colonial era. In the current historical context, where the use of force remains a means of resolving disputes, it is fundamental to understand the importance of human rights for those who participate, voluntarily or involuntarily, in a conflict. This paper aims to contribute to the awareness that only through mediation and peaceful resolution is it possible to pursue the highest goal that the main international organisations have set themselves, which is to preserve human life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98515