Introduction: menopause is associated with increased fat mass and reduced lean mass, resulting in a higher risk of sarcopenia, functional decline, and reduced quality of life. Nutrition represents a key modifiable factor in mitigating these changes.Objective: to evaluate the effects of a calorie-restricted dietary intervention targeting weight loss on lean mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five postmenopausal women (natural or surgical menopause) with a BMI between 24–39 kg/m² and at least one additional cardiometabolic risk factor were enrolled. All participants received a balanced hypocaloric diet and were followed quarterly over 12 months. Clinical history, lifestyle, physical activity (IPAQ), and dietary intake (weekly recall, FFQ, adherence questionnaires) were recorded. Anthropometry, skinfold thickness, and body composition (BIA/BIVA) were assessed. Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated using handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Gait Speed tests. Results: after 12 months, significant reductions in body weight (Δ = −5.3 kg), BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass were observed, while lean mass remained stable. Physical performance (TUG) improved, whereas muscle strength and physical activity levels remained unchanged. Total lipid and animal protein intake decreased, while plant protein intake increased. Conclusions: these findings indicate that a balanced hypocaloric dietary intervention supports favorable body composition changes and metabolic improvements without compromising muscle strength or physical performance in postmenopausal women.
Introduzione: la menopausa è associata a un aumento della massa grassa e a una riduzione della massa magra, con maggior rischio di sarcopenia, peggioramento funzionale e riduzione della qualità di vita. La nutrizione rappresenta un fattore modificabile chiave nel contrasto di tali cambiamenti. Obiettivo: valutare gli effetti della dietoterapia volta al calo ponderale sulla massa magra, sulla forza muscolare e sulla performance fisica in donne in menopausa. Materiali e metodi: sono state reclutate 95 donne in menopausa (naturale o chirurgica) con IMC 24–39 kg/m² e almeno un fattore di rischio cardiometabolico. A tutte è stato rilasciato uno schema dietetico ipocalorico bilanciato e sono state seguite trimestralmente per 12 mesi. Sono stati raccolti dati su anamnesi, stile di vita, attività fisica (IPAQ) e alimentazione (recall settimanale, FFQ e questionari di aderenza). Sono state eseguite valutazioni antropometriche, plicometriche e bioimpedenziometriche (BIA/BIVA). La forza muscolare e la performance fisica sono state misurate con handgrip, TUG e Gait Speed. Risultati: dopo 12 mesi è stata osservata una riduzione significativa del peso (Δ = −5.3 kg), dell’IMC, della CV e della MG, mentre la MM è rimasta stabile. La performance fisica (TUG) è migliorata, mentre forza muscolare e attività fisica sono rimaste stabili. L’intake lipidico e proteico animale si è ridotto, con aumento delle proteine vegetali. Conclusioni: i risultati indicano che una dietoterapia ipocalorica bilanciata favorisce un miglioramento della composizione corporea e del profilo metabolico, senza effetti negativi su forza e performance fisica nelle donne in menopausa.
EFFETTI DELLA DIETOTERAPIA VOLTA AL CALO PONDERALE SU MASSA MAGRA, FORZA MUSCOLARE E PERFORMANCE FISICA IN DONNE IN MENOPAUSA
CATELAN, ANGELICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: menopause is associated with increased fat mass and reduced lean mass, resulting in a higher risk of sarcopenia, functional decline, and reduced quality of life. Nutrition represents a key modifiable factor in mitigating these changes.Objective: to evaluate the effects of a calorie-restricted dietary intervention targeting weight loss on lean mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five postmenopausal women (natural or surgical menopause) with a BMI between 24–39 kg/m² and at least one additional cardiometabolic risk factor were enrolled. All participants received a balanced hypocaloric diet and were followed quarterly over 12 months. Clinical history, lifestyle, physical activity (IPAQ), and dietary intake (weekly recall, FFQ, adherence questionnaires) were recorded. Anthropometry, skinfold thickness, and body composition (BIA/BIVA) were assessed. Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated using handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Gait Speed tests. Results: after 12 months, significant reductions in body weight (Δ = −5.3 kg), BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass were observed, while lean mass remained stable. Physical performance (TUG) improved, whereas muscle strength and physical activity levels remained unchanged. Total lipid and animal protein intake decreased, while plant protein intake increased. Conclusions: these findings indicate that a balanced hypocaloric dietary intervention supports favorable body composition changes and metabolic improvements without compromising muscle strength or physical performance in postmenopausal women.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Angelica Catelan.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99026