The transition phase of dairy cows is defined as the period from three weeks before calving to three weeks after calving. It represents a highly critical stage in the animals' productive career, as during this period, a series of significant metabolic, physiological, and immune changes occur to accommodate the development and birth of the calf. These changes often lead to a negative energy balance in the animal, which is unable to meet the increased energy demands associated with the calf's development and subsequent milk production. This energy deficit can lead to the risk of developing metabolic conditions and disorders, including ketosis and ruminal acidosis. From a production perspective, the last decade has brought a strong push to progress in the livestock sector, linked to the growing interest in increasing production performance, while also paying attention to animal health and environmental impact. In this context, Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is defined as the application of innovative technological development principles and techniques aimed at improving livestock farming processes by optimizing many areas, such as proper animal feed management, monitoring of animals' metabolic, physiological, and behavioral parameters, and quantifying daily production of the entire herd. A critical aspect where PLF could be particularly useful is the monitoring of animals' metabolic pathologies throughout their production career, particularly during the transition period. Precision Livestock Farming, therefore, allows for monitoring cow health by analyzing production, metabolic, and environmental parameters using a series of tools such as sensors, accelerometers, rumen boluses, video cameras, and thermal imaging cameras. For this reason, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate innovative approaches for studying and monitoring subacute acidosis in dairy cows during the transition period. The study was conducted in a commercial barn located in the Lombardy region and involved approximately 60 Holstein cows sampled at five different times. Approximately 10 days after drying off, the animals were administered boluses to measure pH trends throughout the trial, aiming to identify animals with subclinical acidosis.
La fase di transizione delle bovine da latte è definita come il periodo che si estende dalle tre settimane antecedenti al parto alle tre settimane conseguenti al parto. Essa rappresenta una fase molto critica per la carriera produttiva degli animali in quanto durante questo periodo, per far fronte allo sviluppo e nascita del vitello, avvengono una serie di cambiamenti metabolici, fisiologici ed immunitari molto rilevanti, che spesso portano ad un bilancio energetico negativo dell’animale, che non riesce a sopperire all’incremento della richiesta energetica legata allo sviluppo del vitello e conseguente produzione lattea. Questa condizione di deficit energetico può portare al rischio di sviluppo di condizioni e disturbi metabolici, tra cui la chetosi e l’acidosi ruminale. Dal punto di vista produttivo l’ultimo decennio ha portato una forte spinta al progresso del settore della zootecnia legato al crescente interesse verso l’incremento delle performance produttive, ma al contempo con un attenzione verso la salute animale e l’impatto ambientale. In questo contesto, la Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), o zootecnia di precisione, è definita come l’applicazione di principi e tecniche di sviluppo tecnologico innovative atte a migliorare i processi dell’allevamento zootecnico ottimizzandone molti settori quali la corretta gestione dell’alimentazione animale, il monitoraggio dei parametri metabolici, fisiologici e comportamentali degli animali e la quantificazione delle produzioni giornaliere dell’intera mandria. Un aspetto critico in cui la PLF potrebbe essere particolarmente utile è il monitoraggio delle patologie metaboliche degli animali, durante la loro carriera produttiva, ed in particolare durante il periodo di transizione. La Precision Livestock Farming, quindi, permette il monitoraggio della salute della bovina analizzandone i parametri produttivi, metabolici, ambientali, attraverso una serie di strumenti quali sensori, accelerometri, boli ruminali, videocamere e termocamere. Per questo motivo l’obiettivo della presente tesi è stato quello di andare a valutare degli approcci innovativi per lo studio e il monitoraggio dell’acidosi subacuta in bovine da latte durante il periodo di transizione. Lo studio è stato effettuato in una stalla commerciale situata nella regione Lombardia ed ha coinvolto circa 60 bovine di razza Frisona che sono state campionate in 5 tempi diversi. Circa 10 giorni dalla messa in asciutta agli animali sono stati applicati i boli per misurare l’andamento del pH per tutta la durata della prova con lo scopo di identificare animali in condizione di acidosi subclinica.
Approcci innovativi per lo studio e il monitoraggio dell'acidosi subacuta nella bovina da latte
SIMIONATO, DANIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
The transition phase of dairy cows is defined as the period from three weeks before calving to three weeks after calving. It represents a highly critical stage in the animals' productive career, as during this period, a series of significant metabolic, physiological, and immune changes occur to accommodate the development and birth of the calf. These changes often lead to a negative energy balance in the animal, which is unable to meet the increased energy demands associated with the calf's development and subsequent milk production. This energy deficit can lead to the risk of developing metabolic conditions and disorders, including ketosis and ruminal acidosis. From a production perspective, the last decade has brought a strong push to progress in the livestock sector, linked to the growing interest in increasing production performance, while also paying attention to animal health and environmental impact. In this context, Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is defined as the application of innovative technological development principles and techniques aimed at improving livestock farming processes by optimizing many areas, such as proper animal feed management, monitoring of animals' metabolic, physiological, and behavioral parameters, and quantifying daily production of the entire herd. A critical aspect where PLF could be particularly useful is the monitoring of animals' metabolic pathologies throughout their production career, particularly during the transition period. Precision Livestock Farming, therefore, allows for monitoring cow health by analyzing production, metabolic, and environmental parameters using a series of tools such as sensors, accelerometers, rumen boluses, video cameras, and thermal imaging cameras. For this reason, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate innovative approaches for studying and monitoring subacute acidosis in dairy cows during the transition period. The study was conducted in a commercial barn located in the Lombardy region and involved approximately 60 Holstein cows sampled at five different times. Approximately 10 days after drying off, the animals were administered boluses to measure pH trends throughout the trial, aiming to identify animals with subclinical acidosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99185