This thesis aims to investigate, through an experimental comparison, the effectiveness of the beekeeping technique known as ‘tight nest’ (angepasster brutraum) compared to traditional wide nest management. This method involves tailoring the brood nest space to the queen’s egg-laying capacity during the peak season. Stores (honey and pollen) in the brood nest are intended to be avoided, favouring instead the almost exclusive presence of brood. This study seeks to scientifically verify the supposed benefits of this technique, specifically, lower swarming impulse and higher honey yields. To verify these hypotheses, an experiment lasting one beekeeping season was set up involving 26 hives, divided into two groups: 13 hives managed using the tight nest technique and 13 control hives managed using the classic wide nest method. The primary goal was to identify any significant differences in the swarming tendency and honey yield across three main nectar flows: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Linden (Tilia spp.) A further objective of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the “Campero” frame as a predictive tool for identifying queen cells within the colony, thereby assessing its effectiveness in forecasting the colony’s swarming propensity. The results highlighted a significantly greater honey production in the tight nest group, with an increase per hive of 4.4 kg (+87.5%) in dandelion honey production (p-value 0.00376) and of 2 kg (+18.8%) in acacia honey production (p-value 0.02720). Conversely, no statistically significant differences emerged in linden honey production. Regarding swarming, no differences were found between the two management systems. However, the high reliability of the campero as an indicator of the presence of queen cells in the colony was confirmed. In the observed sample, in 95.6% of the cases where the campero was built and contained eggs, no presence of queen cells was observed. Conversely, in 82% of the cases where the campero had not been rebuilt, the colony had developed queen cells (larva or pupa). This thesis therefore concludes that tight nest management, combined with campero monitoring, is an effective operational protocol for optimizing spring honey production and rationalizing the management time and costs of the apiary.
La presente tesi si propone di investigare, attraverso un confronto sperimentale, l’efficacia della tecnica apistica di gestione degli alveari denominata ‘nido stretto’ (angepasster brutraum) rispetto alla conduzione tradizionale a nido largo. Questo tipo di conduzione prevede che lo spazio fornito nel nido sia, nel periodo produttivo, adattato alla sola capacità ovidepositiva della regina. Accumuli di scorte (miele e polline) vogliono essere evitati, preferendo invece la presenza quasi esclusiva di covata nei vari stadi. I presunti vantaggi, che questa ricerca intende validare scientificamente, sono una ridotta propensione alla sciamatura e una maggior produzione di miele. Per verificare queste ipotesi è stato allestito un esperimento della durata di una stagione apistica che ha coinvolto 26 alveari, suddivisi in 2 gruppi omogenei: 13 alveari condotti con la tecnica a nido stretto e 13 alveari di controllo gestiti con il metodo classico a nido largo. Lo scopo è stato quello di cogliere eventuali differenze nella propensione a sciamare e nella produzione di miele nelle fioriture di Tarassaco, Acacia e Tiglio. Un ulteriore obiettivo dello studio è stato valutare l’affidabilità del telaio ‘Campero’ come strumento predittivo della presenza di celle reali nella colonia e quindi della propensione a sciamare della stessa. I risultati hanno evidenziato una significativa maggior produzione di miele del gruppo a nido stretto con un incremento per alveare di 4,4 kg (+87,5%) nella produzione di tarassaco (p-value 0,00376) e di 2 kg (+18,8%) nell’acacia (p-value 0,02720), non sono invece emerse differenze statisticamente significative nella produzione di tiglio. Per quanto riguarda la sciamatura, non sono state riscontrate differenze tra i due sistemi gestionali. È stata tuttavia confermata l’elevata affidabilità del campero come indicatore della presenza di celle reali nella famiglia. Nel campione osservato nel 95,6% dei casi in cui il campero era costruito e deposto non si è osservata alcuna presenza di celle reali. Viceversa, nell’82% dei casi in cui il campero non era stato ricostruito la famiglia presentava celle reali sviluppate (larva o pupa). Questa tesi conclude quindi che la gestione a nido stretto associata al monitoraggio del campero è un protocollo operativo efficace per ottimizzare le produzioni primaverili e razionalizzare i tempi e costi di gestione dell’apiario.
Tecniche apistiche innovative: La gestione a nido stretto per ottimizzare la produzione degli alveari.
BUSO, FEDERICO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to investigate, through an experimental comparison, the effectiveness of the beekeeping technique known as ‘tight nest’ (angepasster brutraum) compared to traditional wide nest management. This method involves tailoring the brood nest space to the queen’s egg-laying capacity during the peak season. Stores (honey and pollen) in the brood nest are intended to be avoided, favouring instead the almost exclusive presence of brood. This study seeks to scientifically verify the supposed benefits of this technique, specifically, lower swarming impulse and higher honey yields. To verify these hypotheses, an experiment lasting one beekeeping season was set up involving 26 hives, divided into two groups: 13 hives managed using the tight nest technique and 13 control hives managed using the classic wide nest method. The primary goal was to identify any significant differences in the swarming tendency and honey yield across three main nectar flows: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Linden (Tilia spp.) A further objective of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the “Campero” frame as a predictive tool for identifying queen cells within the colony, thereby assessing its effectiveness in forecasting the colony’s swarming propensity. The results highlighted a significantly greater honey production in the tight nest group, with an increase per hive of 4.4 kg (+87.5%) in dandelion honey production (p-value 0.00376) and of 2 kg (+18.8%) in acacia honey production (p-value 0.02720). Conversely, no statistically significant differences emerged in linden honey production. Regarding swarming, no differences were found between the two management systems. However, the high reliability of the campero as an indicator of the presence of queen cells in the colony was confirmed. In the observed sample, in 95.6% of the cases where the campero was built and contained eggs, no presence of queen cells was observed. Conversely, in 82% of the cases where the campero had not been rebuilt, the colony had developed queen cells (larva or pupa). This thesis therefore concludes that tight nest management, combined with campero monitoring, is an effective operational protocol for optimizing spring honey production and rationalizing the management time and costs of the apiary.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99202