Irrigation, if an integral part of agronomic management in agricultural production and if carefully managed, can help to increase production and mitigate the negative effects caused by climate change, which has been occurring more and more frequently in recent years. The aim of this thesis is to study two aspects: the effect of irrigation, in particular micro-irrigation, on the quantity of production of inflorescences and thistles of Violetto artichoke, a typical product of the island of Sant'Erasmo, in the Venice lagoon; the obtainable results from the distribution of irrigation water to the plants by means of a single drip line and those obtained by means of a double drip line with the same quantity of water. A plot cultivated with artichokes was identified in a farm on the island, where the test was carried out in two distinct periods: a first period, from April 20th to June 7th 2021, to verify the influence of irrigation on the production of flower heads (divided into "castraure", first inflorescences, and "botoli-sottobotoli", subsequent inflorescences) and a second period, after vegetative recovery, from August 20th to December 15th 2021, in which to analyse the influence on the production of thistles. Irrigation volumes were estimated based on a simplified water balance that considers crop evaporation ETc (estimated using the FAO method) and rainfall recorded by the nearby regional weather station. The results of the first period were affected by a climatic trend characterized by intense and frequent rains that did not allow to judge the effect of irrigation. In the second period, which followed a long and droughty summer, irrigation showed a difference between the theses under comparison and resulted in higher production in terms of quantity of biomass harvested (total and saleable) than the non-irrigated control. In addition, the number of shoots and plant height showed statistically significant differences between single-wing and double-wing administration, with the advantage of the latter probably related to a closer to the rhizome water administration. Finally, a first analysis seems to show that irrigation can mitigate the negative effects on yield related to soil salinity. However, these are preliminary studies that need further investigation to determine whether irrigation is effective in the production of artichoke and thistle inflorescences.
L’irrigazione, quando parte integrante della gestione agronomica nella produzione agricola e se gestita in modo attento, può contribuire a incrementare la produzione e a mitigare gli effetti negativi causati dai cambiamenti climatici, che negli ultimi anni si stanno verificando sempre più frequentemente. La presente tesi si prefigge di studiare due aspetti: l’effetto dell’irrigazione, in particolare la microirrigazione, sulla quantità di produzione di infiorescenze e cardi di carciofo Violetto, prodotto di tipico dell’isola di Sant’Erasmo, in laguna di Venezia; l’influenza sulla produzione di una diversa modalità di distribuzione di acqua irrigua alle piante confrontando singola ala gocciolante e doppia ala gocciolante a parità di quantità di acqua. In un’azienda dell’isola è stato individuato un appezzamento, già coltivato a carciofo, sul quale è stata svolta la prova suddivisa in due distinti periodi: un primo periodo, dal 20 aprile al 7 giugno 2021, per verificare l’influenza dell’irrigazione sulla produzione dei capolini (distinti in “castraure, prime infiorescenze, e “botoli-sottobotoli”, infiorescenze successive) e un secondo periodo, dopo la ripresa vegetativa, dal 20 agosto al 15 dicembre 2021 in cui si è voluto analizzare l’influenza sulla produzione di cardi . I volumi irrigui sono stati stimati sulla base di un bilancio idrico semplificato che considera l’evaporazione colturale ETc (stimata utilizzando il metodo FAO) e le precipitazioni registrate dalla vicina stazione meteo regionale. I risultati del primo periodo hanno risentito di un andamento climatico caratterizzato da intense e frequenti piogge che non hanno consentito di giudicare l’effetto dell’irrigazione. Nel secondo periodo, che succedeva un’estate lunga e siccitosa, l’irrigazione ha evidenziato differenza tra le tesi a confronto e ha consentito di ottenere una maggiore produzione in termini di quantità di biomassa raccolta (totale e vendibile) rispetto al controllo non irrigato. Inoltre, il numero dei getti e l’altezza delle piante hanno dimostrato differenze statisticamente significative tra somministrazione con ala semplice e ala doppia, a vantaggio della seconda probabilmente legato a una somministrazione dell’acqua più vicina al rizoma. Infine, una prima analisi sembra dimostrare come l’irrigazione sia in grado di mitigare gli effetti negativi sulla resa legati alla salinità del suolo. Tuttavia si tratta di studi preliminari che necessitano di ulteriori approfondimenti per determinare l’efficacia o meno dell’irrigazione nella produzione delle infiorescenze di carciofo e cardi.
Effetto della microirrigazione nella produzione del carciofo Violetto di Sant'Erasmo: prime valutazioni
CROSERA, OLGA
2021/2022
Abstract
Irrigation, if an integral part of agronomic management in agricultural production and if carefully managed, can help to increase production and mitigate the negative effects caused by climate change, which has been occurring more and more frequently in recent years. The aim of this thesis is to study two aspects: the effect of irrigation, in particular micro-irrigation, on the quantity of production of inflorescences and thistles of Violetto artichoke, a typical product of the island of Sant'Erasmo, in the Venice lagoon; the obtainable results from the distribution of irrigation water to the plants by means of a single drip line and those obtained by means of a double drip line with the same quantity of water. A plot cultivated with artichokes was identified in a farm on the island, where the test was carried out in two distinct periods: a first period, from April 20th to June 7th 2021, to verify the influence of irrigation on the production of flower heads (divided into "castraure", first inflorescences, and "botoli-sottobotoli", subsequent inflorescences) and a second period, after vegetative recovery, from August 20th to December 15th 2021, in which to analyse the influence on the production of thistles. Irrigation volumes were estimated based on a simplified water balance that considers crop evaporation ETc (estimated using the FAO method) and rainfall recorded by the nearby regional weather station. The results of the first period were affected by a climatic trend characterized by intense and frequent rains that did not allow to judge the effect of irrigation. In the second period, which followed a long and droughty summer, irrigation showed a difference between the theses under comparison and resulted in higher production in terms of quantity of biomass harvested (total and saleable) than the non-irrigated control. In addition, the number of shoots and plant height showed statistically significant differences between single-wing and double-wing administration, with the advantage of the latter probably related to a closer to the rhizome water administration. Finally, a first analysis seems to show that irrigation can mitigate the negative effects on yield related to soil salinity. However, these are preliminary studies that need further investigation to determine whether irrigation is effective in the production of artichoke and thistle inflorescences.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/9932