The search of alternative bedding materials in place of traditional autumn-winter cereal straw takes great interest in the zootechnical field to obtain greater advantages both economically and in terms of animal welfare. This thesis is part of a research project aimed at evaluating the potential agro-zootechnical use of a residual material composed of wood and concrete which derives from the industrial production of panels for building use. The objective of this paper is therefore the preliminary evaluation of the use of these residues both as bedding material in livestock and as consecutive soil improver for cultivation (in greenhouses and fields) of this "exhausted" product formed by manure and litter. As part of the comparison between a potential wood-cement-based bedding material with straw, 3 research actions were organized: characterization of the material at the laboratory level, breeding and agronomic use. These phases involved tests that were repeated for both litter materials to allow the comparison of these two matrices. The tests carried out in laboratory, to evaluate the softness, the water and ammonia absorption capacity, have seen in the wood-cement the achievement of preliminary lower results. Wood-concrete showed a low propensity to deformation. In fact, its maximum elasticity proved to be 2.4% (21.4% for straw) and the maximum water absorption capacity proved to be 107% (360% for straw). Regarding the propensity for ammonia retention, laboratory tests have shown that wood-concrete material is unable to retain this compound. The basicity, a characteristic of the inert component of the matrix, has probably determined the manifestation of reactions that promote the release of gaseous ammonia. However, subsequent tests in cattle barn showed the absence of substantial differences between straw and wood-cement. In addition, the use of wood concrete compound as bedding for cattle was evaluated by analyzing the cleanliness level of animals’ coat. Through the development of an evaluation scale, frequent surveys were carried out during growth period of animals: as a result, it’s possible to state that the product based on wood-cement has given good results, reaching winning levels of 4.28 / 5 (3.39 for the straw) and 3.58 / 5 (2.96 for the straw) in the two tests. The last phase of the evaluation process was carried out in agronomic field through the application of mature manure both as a substrate in greenhouse cultivations and as a soil improver for open field cultivations. Observation of first results demonstrated the efficiency of this product as fertilizer and soil conditioner. In conclusion, the preliminary assessments about the applicability of this material in the agro-zootechnical field seem to be positive, however, it will be necessary to continue these research and experimental applications to confirm these aspects also in medium-long term application scenarios.
La ricerca di materiali di lettiera alternativi all’impiego della tradizionale paglia di cereale-autunno vernino è di forte interesse in ambito zootecnico al fine di ottenere un maggiore vantaggio sia a livello economico che a livello di benessere animale. Il presente elaborato di tesi si inserisce in un progetto di ricerca volto a valutare il potenziale impiego agro-zootecnico di un materiale residuo a base di legno e cemento derivante dalla produzione industriale di pannelli per uso edile. Obiettivo della presente elaborato è quindi la preliminare valutazione di impiego di tali residui sia come materiale da lettiera in allevamento di animali da reddito che come successivo ammendante per la coltivazione (in serra e campo) di tale prodotto “esausto” composto da deiezioni animali e lettiera. Nell’ambito dell’attività di confronto tra un potenziale materiale di lettiera a base di legno cemento con la paglia, sono state organizzate 3 azioni di ricerca: caratterizzazione del materiale a livello di laboratorio, allevamento e impiego agronomico. Tali fasi hanno previsto prove che sono state ripetute pedissequamente per entrambi i materiali da lettiera al fine di consentire il confronto delle due matrici. I test effettuati in laboratorio, al fine di valutare la sofficità, la capacità di assorbimento idrico e ammoniacale hanno visto nel legno cemento il conseguimento di risultati preliminarmente inferiori. Legno cemento ha presentato una scarsa propensione alla deformazione. La sua elasticità massima si è dimostrata infatti del 2,4% (21,4% per la paglia) e ha raggiunto la capacità di assorbimento idrico massima di 107% (360% per la paglia). Circa la propensione al trattenimento ammoniacale, i test di laboratorio hanno dimostrato che il materiale non è in grado di trattenere questo composto azotato. La basicità, caratteristica propria della componente inerte della matrice, ha probabilmente determinato la manifestazione di reazioni che favoriscono la liberazione di ammoniaca gassosa. Tuttavia, le successive prove in stalla hanno dimostrato l’assenza di differenze sostanziali tra le stabulazioni su paglia e legno cemento. Inoltre, l’impiego in qualità di lettiera per bovini da ingrasso è stato valutato analizzando il livello di pulizia del mantello degli animali. Mediante l’elaborazione di una scala di valutazione sono stati effettuati frequenti rilievi durante il periodo di accrescimento degli animali grazie ai quali è possibile affermare che il prodotto a base di legno cemento ha dato buoni risultati, aggiudicandosi punteggi di 4,28/5 (3,39 per la paglia) e 3,58/5 (2.96 per la paglia) nelle due prove. L’ultima fase dell’iter di valutazione è stata svolta in ambito agronomico mediante l’applicazione del letame maturo sia come substrato per la coltivazione in coltura protetta che come ammendante per la coltivazione di orticole in campo aperto. L’osservazione dei primi risultati ha dimostrato l’efficacia del prodotto in qualità di fertilizzante e ammendante. Concludendo, le valutazioni preliminari circa l’applicabilità di tale materiale in ambito agro-zootecnico sembrano essere positive, tuttavia, sarà necessario proseguire con le ricerche e le applicazioni sperimentali al fine di confermare tali aspetti anche in scenari applicativi di medio-lungo periodo.
VERIFICA DELLE CARATTERISTICHE DI IDONEITA’ TECNOLOGICA E AGRO-AMBIENTALE DI UN RESIDUO INDUSTRIALE COSTITUITO DA UNA MISCELA DI LEGNO E CEMENTO UTILIZZATO SPERIMENTALMENTE COME LETTIERA IN ALLEVAMENTI BOVINI. RISULTATI DEI TEST CONDOTTI IN STALLA E PRIME INDICAZIONI SU QUELLI AGRONOMICI
ZANOTTO, MICHELE
2021/2022
Abstract
The search of alternative bedding materials in place of traditional autumn-winter cereal straw takes great interest in the zootechnical field to obtain greater advantages both economically and in terms of animal welfare. This thesis is part of a research project aimed at evaluating the potential agro-zootechnical use of a residual material composed of wood and concrete which derives from the industrial production of panels for building use. The objective of this paper is therefore the preliminary evaluation of the use of these residues both as bedding material in livestock and as consecutive soil improver for cultivation (in greenhouses and fields) of this "exhausted" product formed by manure and litter. As part of the comparison between a potential wood-cement-based bedding material with straw, 3 research actions were organized: characterization of the material at the laboratory level, breeding and agronomic use. These phases involved tests that were repeated for both litter materials to allow the comparison of these two matrices. The tests carried out in laboratory, to evaluate the softness, the water and ammonia absorption capacity, have seen in the wood-cement the achievement of preliminary lower results. Wood-concrete showed a low propensity to deformation. In fact, its maximum elasticity proved to be 2.4% (21.4% for straw) and the maximum water absorption capacity proved to be 107% (360% for straw). Regarding the propensity for ammonia retention, laboratory tests have shown that wood-concrete material is unable to retain this compound. The basicity, a characteristic of the inert component of the matrix, has probably determined the manifestation of reactions that promote the release of gaseous ammonia. However, subsequent tests in cattle barn showed the absence of substantial differences between straw and wood-cement. In addition, the use of wood concrete compound as bedding for cattle was evaluated by analyzing the cleanliness level of animals’ coat. Through the development of an evaluation scale, frequent surveys were carried out during growth period of animals: as a result, it’s possible to state that the product based on wood-cement has given good results, reaching winning levels of 4.28 / 5 (3.39 for the straw) and 3.58 / 5 (2.96 for the straw) in the two tests. The last phase of the evaluation process was carried out in agronomic field through the application of mature manure both as a substrate in greenhouse cultivations and as a soil improver for open field cultivations. Observation of first results demonstrated the efficiency of this product as fertilizer and soil conditioner. In conclusion, the preliminary assessments about the applicability of this material in the agro-zootechnical field seem to be positive, however, it will be necessary to continue these research and experimental applications to confirm these aspects also in medium-long term application scenarios.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/9940