Since it was domesticated approximately 5500 years ago, the horse, in addition to continuing to be a source of food for humans, has immediately proven to be a valuable means of transporting objects quickly and carrying them at varying weights. Another use of the horse, which has distant origins, is linked to warfare; for centuries, this animal has accompanied humans on various battlefields around the world. Over the decades, horses have also slowly gained a foothold in agricultural work, gradually, but never completely, replacing oxen. The equine species then found use in livestock farming, becoming a valuable aid to herders around the world in moving and controlling their herds. Breeders therefore needed to select and breed the most suitable specimens for these tasks, thus creating the various equine breeds that are still present today throughout the world. As technological progress took hold, however, horses slowly began to decline, becoming less and less indispensable to humans, who found motor vehicles and new technologies to further streamline their work. Therefore, nowadays, animals like horses are no longer widely used to perform the tasks they once did, although there are still exceptions. Although no longer the primary means of transportation for humans due to the invention of the car and public transportation, horses are still used to pull carriages and escort tourists through the streets of cities around the world. In the military field, thanks to the development of new means of transportation, the horse has definitively lost its role on the battlefield, but is still used by the armed forces to maintain public order and to patrol the streets of various cities. In livestock farming, however, horses are no longer used to move herds over long distances, having been replaced by trains and trucks. In some parts of the world, however, horses can still be found in pastures alongside herdsmen, tending their herds or making short trips within their properties. Finally, in agriculture, the tractor is certainly the most common means of pulling implements for working the fields. However, some farms around the world, especially small ones in disadvantaged, marginal agricultural areas, are rediscovering the value of animal traction to produce higher-quality products, adopt a more environmentally friendly production system, and also to preserve all those heavy horse breeds that were at risk of extinction. In conclusion, even if the role of horses in the workplace is now marginal due to the existence of means of transport that make human life easier, it is not impossible to find these animals performing some task to assist humans.
Da quando è stato addomesticato, circa cinquemilacinquecento anni fa, il cavallo per l’uomo, oltre a continuare ad essere una fonte di cibo, si è sin da subito dimostrato un valido mezzo per spostarsi più velocemente e per trasportare oggetti più o meno pesanti. Un altro impiego del cavallo che ha origini lontane è legato all’ambito della guerra, difatti per secoli questo animale ha accompagnato l’essere umano in diversi campi di battaglia di tutto il mondo. Nel corso dei decenni, inoltre, il cavallo ha anche avuto modo di prendere lentamente posto nel lavoro agricolo sostituendo gradualmente, ma mai del tutto, i buoi. La specie equina ha poi trovato impiego nel campo dell’allevamento diventando un valido aiutante per i mandriani di tutto il mondo per poter movimentare e controllare le mandrie. Per gli allevatori è stato quindi necessario selezionare ed allevare gli esemplari più adatti per lo svolgimento di queste mansioni creando così diverse razze equine ancora oggi presenti in tutto il mondo. Man mano che il progresso tecnologico prendeva piede, però, i cavalli hanno cominciato a subire un lento ritiro diventando sempre meno indispensabili per l’essere umano, il quale ha trovato nei mezzi a motore e nelle nuove tecnologie degli strumenti più validi per velocizzare ulteriormente il proprio lavoro. Quindi, al giorno d’oggi, gli animali come i cavalli non sono più molto impiegati per svolgere quelle mansioni che facevano un tempo, anche se ci sono comunque delle eccezioni. Pur non rappresentando più il mezzo di trasporto principale per l’essere umano a causa dell’invenzione dell’automobile e dei mezzi pubblici, i cavalli sono ancora utilizzati per trainare le carrozze e accompagnare i turisti per le vie delle città di tutto il mondo. In campo militare, grazie alla nascita di nuovi mezzi di trasporto, il cavallo ha definitivamente perso il suo ruolo nei campi di battaglia, ma viene comunque utilizzato dalle forze armate per mantenere l’ordine pubblico e per pattugliare le strade di diverse città. Nel campo dell’allevamento del bestiame, invece, il cavallo non viene più utilizzato per la movimentazione delle mandrie nelle lunghe tratte perché è stato sostituito dai treni e dai camion. In alcune parti del mondo tuttavia è ancora possibile trovare i cavalli nei pascoli assieme ai mandriani per controllare i capi o per i piccoli spostamenti all’interno delle proprietà. Infine, in agricoltura, il trattore è sicuramente il mezzo più diffuso per trainare gli attrezzi destinati alla lavorazione dei campi, tuttavia alcune aziende di tutto il mondo, specie quelle piccole delle zone agricole marginali più svantaggiate, stanno riscoprendo il valore della trazione animale per ottenere prodotti di miglior qualità, per adottare un sistema produttivo più ecologico, ma anche per preservare tutte quelle razze di cavalli pesanti che stavano rischiando di sparire. Per concludere, anche se ormai il ruolo del cavallo in ambito lavorativo è marginale a causa dell’esistenza di mezzi che semplificano di più la vita dell’essere umano, non è impossibile trovare questi animali svolgere qualche mansione per aiutare l’uomo.
Il cavallo come animale da lavoro nel corso della storia
BARBETTA, MARTA
2024/2025
Abstract
Since it was domesticated approximately 5500 years ago, the horse, in addition to continuing to be a source of food for humans, has immediately proven to be a valuable means of transporting objects quickly and carrying them at varying weights. Another use of the horse, which has distant origins, is linked to warfare; for centuries, this animal has accompanied humans on various battlefields around the world. Over the decades, horses have also slowly gained a foothold in agricultural work, gradually, but never completely, replacing oxen. The equine species then found use in livestock farming, becoming a valuable aid to herders around the world in moving and controlling their herds. Breeders therefore needed to select and breed the most suitable specimens for these tasks, thus creating the various equine breeds that are still present today throughout the world. As technological progress took hold, however, horses slowly began to decline, becoming less and less indispensable to humans, who found motor vehicles and new technologies to further streamline their work. Therefore, nowadays, animals like horses are no longer widely used to perform the tasks they once did, although there are still exceptions. Although no longer the primary means of transportation for humans due to the invention of the car and public transportation, horses are still used to pull carriages and escort tourists through the streets of cities around the world. In the military field, thanks to the development of new means of transportation, the horse has definitively lost its role on the battlefield, but is still used by the armed forces to maintain public order and to patrol the streets of various cities. In livestock farming, however, horses are no longer used to move herds over long distances, having been replaced by trains and trucks. In some parts of the world, however, horses can still be found in pastures alongside herdsmen, tending their herds or making short trips within their properties. Finally, in agriculture, the tractor is certainly the most common means of pulling implements for working the fields. However, some farms around the world, especially small ones in disadvantaged, marginal agricultural areas, are rediscovering the value of animal traction to produce higher-quality products, adopt a more environmentally friendly production system, and also to preserve all those heavy horse breeds that were at risk of extinction. In conclusion, even if the role of horses in the workplace is now marginal due to the existence of means of transport that make human life easier, it is not impossible to find these animals performing some task to assist humans.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99411