In recent years, attention toward animal welfare in livestock farming has increased due to ethical, economic, social and health-related reasons. In particular, consumer concern is mainly directed toward farms that use intensive production systems. Considering this, environmental enrichments represent a useful tool to promote the expression of species-specific natural behaviours and to improve animal welfare. This thesis focused on a group of replacement calves reared on a dairy farm located in Northern Italy. Two groups of three calves each were used as control animals, while two additional groups of three calves each were provided with specific environmental enrichments. The groups were later combined in pairs, forming two larger groups of six calves each. For each group, a health status evaluation and behavioural observations from video recordings were performed. Additionally, data on environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity, were collected. The data collected were used to assess the effect of environmental enrichments on behavioural parameters and indicators of positive welfare. For the quantitative behavioural assessment, 80 videos were analysed, corresponding to days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the study. For each day, four 30-minute intervals were selected (Interval A, 8:00 - 8:30; interval B, 10:00 - 10:30; interval C, 15:00 - 15:30; interval D, 17:00 - 17:30 or 17:30 - 18:00). For the health evaluation, one weekly assessment was carried out for each group, for a total duration of four weeks. The results showed significant differences between the enriched and control groups only in posture, with an increase in activity observed in the calves following the introduction of the enrichments. Play behaviours, although recognized as positive welfare indicators, did not differ between treatments. The effect of enrichment showed a trend in expression of oral stereotypies, such as cross-sucking and tongue movements, but the results were not statistically significant. No significant differences in health status were observed between the groups.
Negli ultimi anni l’attenzione verso il benessere animale all’interno degli allevamenti è aumentata per motivazioni etiche, economiche, sociali e sanitarie. In particolare, la preoccupazione dei consumatori è posta soprattutto verso gli allevamenti che usano tecniche intensive. Tenendo conto di questo, gli arricchimenti ambientali rappresentano uno strumento per favorire l’espressione di comportamenti naturali specie-specifici e migliorare il benessere degli animali. Questo lavoro di tesi ha preso in considerazione un gruppo di vitelle da rimonta allevate in un’azienda di vacche da latte situata nel Nord Italia. Complessivamente sono stati osservati due gruppi di tre vitelle, che hanno rappresentato gli animali controllo, e altri due gruppi di tre vitelle, alle quali sono stati forniti arricchimenti ambientali specifici. I gruppi sono stati successivamente raggruppati a due a due, a formare due gruppi di sei vitelle ciascuno. Per ogni gruppo sono stati effettuati la valutazione dello stato di salute delle vitelle e l’osservazione del loro comportamento da video. Inoltre, sono stati raccolti i dati relativi a parametri ambientali, come temperatura e umidità. I dati raccolti sono stati utilizzati al fine di valutare l’effetto degli arricchimenti ambientali su parametri comportamentali e di benessere positivo. Per la valutazione comportamentale quantitativa sono stati analizzati 80 video relativi ai giorni 2, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dello studio; per ciascun giorno sono stati selezionati quattro intervalli di 30 minuti (Intervallo A, 8:00 - 8:30; intervallo B, 10:00 - 10:30; intervallo C, 15:00 - 15:30; intervallo D, 17:00 - 17:30 oppure 17:30 - 18:00). Per la valutazione dello stato di salute, è stato effettuato un rilievo settimanale per ciascun gruppo, per un totale di quattro settimane. I risultati hanno mostrato differenze significative tra i gruppi arricchiti e quelli di controllo unicamente nelle posture, osservando un aumento nell’attività delle vitelle dopo l’introduzione degli arricchimenti. I comportamenti di gioco, sebbene siano indicatori positivi di benessere, non hanno mostrato differenze tra i trattamenti. L’effetto degli arricchimenti ha mostrato un trend nell’espressione di stereotipie orali, come la suzione incrociata e i movimenti della lingua, senza però avere un risultato significativo. Non sono state osservate differenze significative nello stato di salute tra i gruppi.
Effetto degli arricchimenti ambientali su parametri comportamentali e di benessere positivo nelle vitelle da rimonta in un allevamento di bovine da latte
BRENTARI, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, attention toward animal welfare in livestock farming has increased due to ethical, economic, social and health-related reasons. In particular, consumer concern is mainly directed toward farms that use intensive production systems. Considering this, environmental enrichments represent a useful tool to promote the expression of species-specific natural behaviours and to improve animal welfare. This thesis focused on a group of replacement calves reared on a dairy farm located in Northern Italy. Two groups of three calves each were used as control animals, while two additional groups of three calves each were provided with specific environmental enrichments. The groups were later combined in pairs, forming two larger groups of six calves each. For each group, a health status evaluation and behavioural observations from video recordings were performed. Additionally, data on environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity, were collected. The data collected were used to assess the effect of environmental enrichments on behavioural parameters and indicators of positive welfare. For the quantitative behavioural assessment, 80 videos were analysed, corresponding to days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the study. For each day, four 30-minute intervals were selected (Interval A, 8:00 - 8:30; interval B, 10:00 - 10:30; interval C, 15:00 - 15:30; interval D, 17:00 - 17:30 or 17:30 - 18:00). For the health evaluation, one weekly assessment was carried out for each group, for a total duration of four weeks. The results showed significant differences between the enriched and control groups only in posture, with an increase in activity observed in the calves following the introduction of the enrichments. Play behaviours, although recognized as positive welfare indicators, did not differ between treatments. The effect of enrichment showed a trend in expression of oral stereotypies, such as cross-sucking and tongue movements, but the results were not statistically significant. No significant differences in health status were observed between the groups.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99420